/* * Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in * the documentation and/or other materials provided with the * distribution. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE * COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, * BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS * OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED * AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT * OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ /* * Contains definition of structures, global variables, and implementation of * routines that are used by malloc leak detection code and other components in * the system. The trick is that some components expect these data and * routines to be defined / implemented in libc.so library, regardless * whether or not MALLOC_LEAK_CHECK macro is defined. To make things even * more tricky, malloc leak detection code, implemented in * libc_malloc_debug.so also requires access to these variables and routines * (to fill allocation entry hash table, for example). So, all relevant * variables and routines are defined / implemented here and exported * to all, leak detection code and other components via dynamic (libc.so), * or static (libc.a) linking. */ #include #include #include #include "dlmalloc.h" #include "malloc_debug_common.h" /* * In a VM process, this is set to 1 after fork()ing out of zygote. */ int gMallocLeakZygoteChild = 0; pthread_mutex_t gAllocationsMutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER; HashTable gHashTable; // ============================================================================= // output functions // ============================================================================= static int hash_entry_compare(const void* arg1, const void* arg2) { int result; HashEntry* e1 = *(HashEntry**)arg1; HashEntry* e2 = *(HashEntry**)arg2; // if one or both arg pointers are null, deal gracefully if (e1 == NULL) { result = (e2 == NULL) ? 0 : 1; } else if (e2 == NULL) { result = -1; } else { size_t nbAlloc1 = e1->allocations; size_t nbAlloc2 = e2->allocations; size_t size1 = e1->size & ~SIZE_FLAG_MASK; size_t size2 = e2->size & ~SIZE_FLAG_MASK; size_t alloc1 = nbAlloc1 * size1; size_t alloc2 = nbAlloc2 * size2; // sort in descending order by: // 1) total size // 2) number of allocations // // This is used for sorting, not determination of equality, so we don't // need to compare the bit flags. if (alloc1 > alloc2) { result = -1; } else if (alloc1 < alloc2) { result = 1; } else { if (nbAlloc1 > nbAlloc2) { result = -1; } else if (nbAlloc1 < nbAlloc2) { result = 1; } else { result = 0; } } } return result; } /* * Retrieve native heap information. * * "*info" is set to a buffer we allocate * "*overallSize" is set to the size of the "info" buffer * "*infoSize" is set to the size of a single entry * "*totalMemory" is set to the sum of all allocations we're tracking; does * not include heap overhead * "*backtraceSize" is set to the maximum number of entries in the back trace */ void get_malloc_leak_info(uint8_t** info, size_t* overallSize, size_t* infoSize, size_t* totalMemory, size_t* backtraceSize) { // don't do anything if we have invalid arguments if (info == NULL || overallSize == NULL || infoSize == NULL || totalMemory == NULL || backtraceSize == NULL) { return; } *totalMemory = 0; pthread_mutex_lock(&gAllocationsMutex); if (gHashTable.count == 0) { *info = NULL; *overallSize = 0; *infoSize = 0; *backtraceSize = 0; goto done; } void** list = (void**)dlmalloc(sizeof(void*) * gHashTable.count); // get the entries into an array to be sorted int index = 0; int i; for (i = 0 ; i < HASHTABLE_SIZE ; i++) { HashEntry* entry = gHashTable.slots[i]; while (entry != NULL) { list[index] = entry; *totalMemory = *totalMemory + ((entry->size & ~SIZE_FLAG_MASK) * entry->allocations); index++; entry = entry->next; } } // XXX: the protocol doesn't allow variable size for the stack trace (yet) *infoSize = (sizeof(size_t) * 2) + (sizeof(intptr_t) * BACKTRACE_SIZE); *overallSize = *infoSize * gHashTable.count; *backtraceSize = BACKTRACE_SIZE; // now get A byte array big enough for this *info = (uint8_t*)dlmalloc(*overallSize); if (*info == NULL) { *overallSize = 0; goto out_nomem_info; } qsort((void*)list, gHashTable.count, sizeof(void*), hash_entry_compare); uint8_t* head = *info; const int count = gHashTable.count; for (i = 0 ; i < count ; i++) { HashEntry* entry = list[i]; size_t entrySize = (sizeof(size_t) * 2) + (sizeof(intptr_t) * entry->numEntries); if (entrySize < *infoSize) { /* we're writing less than a full entry, clear out the rest */ memset(head + entrySize, 0, *infoSize - entrySize); } else { /* make sure the amount we're copying doesn't exceed the limit */ entrySize = *infoSize; } memcpy(head, &(entry->size), entrySize); head += *infoSize; } out_nomem_info: dlfree(list); done: pthread_mutex_unlock(&gAllocationsMutex); } void free_malloc_leak_info(uint8_t* info) { dlfree(info); } struct mallinfo mallinfo() { return dlmallinfo(); } void* valloc(size_t bytes) { /* assume page size of 4096 bytes */ return memalign( getpagesize(), bytes ); } /* Support for malloc debugging. * Note that if USE_DL_PREFIX is not defined, it's assumed that memory * allocation routines are implemented somewhere else, so all our custom * malloc routines should not be compiled at all. */ #ifdef USE_DL_PREFIX /* Table for dispatching malloc calls, initialized with default dispatchers. */ const MallocDebug __libc_malloc_default_dispatch __attribute__((aligned(32))) = { dlmalloc, dlfree, dlcalloc, dlrealloc, dlmemalign }; /* Selector of dispatch table to use for dispatching malloc calls. */ const MallocDebug* __libc_malloc_dispatch = &__libc_malloc_default_dispatch; void* malloc(size_t bytes) { return __libc_malloc_dispatch->malloc(bytes); } void free(void* mem) { __libc_malloc_dispatch->free(mem); } void* calloc(size_t n_elements, size_t elem_size) { return __libc_malloc_dispatch->calloc(n_elements, elem_size); } void* realloc(void* oldMem, size_t bytes) { return __libc_malloc_dispatch->realloc(oldMem, bytes); } void* memalign(size_t alignment, size_t bytes) { return __libc_malloc_dispatch->memalign(alignment, bytes); } /* We implement malloc debugging only in libc.so, so code bellow * must be excluded if we compile this file for static libc.a */ #ifndef LIBC_STATIC #include #include #include "logd.h" // ============================================================================= // log functions // ============================================================================= #define debug_log(format, ...) \ __libc_android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG, "libc", (format), ##__VA_ARGS__ ) #define error_log(format, ...) \ __libc_android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, "libc", (format), ##__VA_ARGS__ ) #define info_log(format, ...) \ __libc_android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "libc", (format), ##__VA_ARGS__ ) /* Table for dispatching malloc calls, depending on environment. */ static MallocDebug gMallocUse __attribute__((aligned(32))) = { dlmalloc, dlfree, dlcalloc, dlrealloc, dlmemalign }; extern char* __progname; /* Handle to shared library where actual memory allocation is implemented. * This library is loaded and memory allocation calls are redirected there * when libc.debug.malloc environment variable contains value other than * zero: * 1 - For memory leak detections. * 5 - For filling allocated / freed memory with patterns defined by * CHK_SENTINEL_VALUE, and CHK_FILL_FREE macros. * 10 - For adding pre-, and post- allocation stubs in order to detect * buffer overruns. * Note that emulator's memory allocation instrumentation is not controlled by * libc.debug.malloc value, but rather by emulator, started with -memcheck * option. Note also, that if emulator has started with -memcheck option, * emulator's instrumented memory allocation will take over value saved in * libc.debug.malloc. In other words, if emulator has started with -memcheck * option, libc.debug.malloc value is ignored. * Actual functionality for debug levels 1-10 is implemented in * libc_malloc_debug_leak.so, while functionality for emultor's instrumented * allocations is implemented in libc_malloc_debug_qemu.so and can be run inside * the emulator only. */ static void* libc_malloc_impl_handle = NULL; /* Make sure we have MALLOC_ALIGNMENT that matches the one that is * used in dlmalloc. Emulator's memchecker needs this value to properly * align its guarding zones. */ #ifndef MALLOC_ALIGNMENT #define MALLOC_ALIGNMENT ((size_t)8U) #endif /* MALLOC_ALIGNMENT */ /* Initializes memory allocation framework once per process. */ static void malloc_init_impl(void) { const char* so_name = NULL; MallocDebugInit malloc_debug_initialize = NULL; unsigned int qemu_running = 0; unsigned int debug_level = 0; unsigned int memcheck_enabled = 0; char env[PROP_VALUE_MAX]; char memcheck_tracing[PROP_VALUE_MAX]; /* Get custom malloc debug level. Note that emulator started with * memory checking option will have priority over debug level set in * libc.debug.malloc system property. */ if (__system_property_get("ro.kernel.qemu", env) && atoi(env)) { qemu_running = 1; if (__system_property_get("ro.kernel.memcheck", memcheck_tracing)) { if (memcheck_tracing[0] != '0') { // Emulator has started with memory tracing enabled. Enforce it. debug_level = 20; memcheck_enabled = 1; } } } /* If debug level has not been set by memcheck option in the emulator, * lets grab it from libc.debug.malloc system property. */ if (!debug_level && __system_property_get("libc.debug.malloc", env)) { debug_level = atoi(env); } /* Debug level 0 means that we should use dlxxx allocation * routines (default). */ if (!debug_level) { return; } // Lets see which .so must be loaded for the requested debug level switch (debug_level) { case 1: case 5: case 10: so_name = "/system/lib/libc_malloc_debug_leak.so"; break; case 20: // Quick check: debug level 20 can only be handled in emulator. if (!qemu_running) { error_log("%s: Debug level %d can only be set in emulator\n", __progname, debug_level); return; } // Make sure that memory checking has been enabled in emulator. if (!memcheck_enabled) { error_log("%s: Memory checking is not enabled in the emulator\n", __progname); return; } so_name = "/system/lib/libc_malloc_debug_qemu.so"; break; default: error_log("%s: Debug level %d is unknown\n", __progname, debug_level); return; } // Load .so that implements the required malloc debugging functionality. libc_malloc_impl_handle = dlopen(so_name, RTLD_LAZY); if (libc_malloc_impl_handle == NULL) { error_log("%s: Missing module %s required for malloc debug level %d\n", __progname, so_name, debug_level); return; } // Initialize malloc debugging in the loaded module. malloc_debug_initialize = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "malloc_debug_initialize"); if (malloc_debug_initialize == NULL) { error_log("%s: Initialization routine is not found in %s\n", __progname, so_name); dlclose(libc_malloc_impl_handle); return; } if (malloc_debug_initialize()) { dlclose(libc_malloc_impl_handle); return; } if (debug_level == 20) { // For memory checker we need to do extra initialization. int (*memcheck_initialize)(int, const char*) = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "memcheck_initialize"); if (memcheck_initialize == NULL) { error_log("%s: memcheck_initialize routine is not found in %s\n", __progname, so_name); dlclose(libc_malloc_impl_handle); return; } if (memcheck_initialize(MALLOC_ALIGNMENT, memcheck_tracing)) { dlclose(libc_malloc_impl_handle); return; } } // Initialize malloc dispatch table with appropriate routines. switch (debug_level) { case 1: __libc_android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "libc", "%s using MALLOC_DEBUG = %d (leak checker)\n", __progname, debug_level); gMallocUse.malloc = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "leak_malloc"); gMallocUse.free = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "leak_free"); gMallocUse.calloc = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "leak_calloc"); gMallocUse.realloc = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "leak_realloc"); gMallocUse.memalign = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "leak_memalign"); break; case 5: __libc_android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "libc", "%s using MALLOC_DEBUG = %d (fill)\n", __progname, debug_level); gMallocUse.malloc = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "fill_malloc"); gMallocUse.free = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "fill_free"); gMallocUse.calloc = dlcalloc; gMallocUse.realloc = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "fill_realloc"); gMallocUse.memalign = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "fill_memalign"); break; case 10: __libc_android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "libc", "%s using MALLOC_DEBUG = %d (sentinels, fill)\n", __progname, debug_level); gMallocUse.malloc = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "chk_malloc"); gMallocUse.free = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "chk_free"); gMallocUse.calloc = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "chk_calloc"); gMallocUse.realloc = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "chk_realloc"); gMallocUse.memalign = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "chk_memalign"); break; case 20: __libc_android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, "libc", "%s[%u] using MALLOC_DEBUG = %d (instrumented for emulator)\n", __progname, getpid(), debug_level); gMallocUse.malloc = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "qemu_instrumented_malloc"); gMallocUse.free = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "qemu_instrumented_free"); gMallocUse.calloc = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "qemu_instrumented_calloc"); gMallocUse.realloc = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "qemu_instrumented_realloc"); gMallocUse.memalign = dlsym(libc_malloc_impl_handle, "qemu_instrumented_memalign"); break; default: break; } // Make sure dispatch table is initialized if ((gMallocUse.malloc == NULL) || (gMallocUse.free == NULL) || (gMallocUse.calloc == NULL) || (gMallocUse.realloc == NULL) || (gMallocUse.memalign == NULL)) { error_log("%s: Cannot initialize malloc dispatch table for debug level" " %d: %p, %p, %p, %p, %p\n", __progname, debug_level, gMallocUse.malloc, gMallocUse.free, gMallocUse.calloc, gMallocUse.realloc, gMallocUse.memalign); dlclose(libc_malloc_impl_handle); libc_malloc_impl_handle = NULL; } else { __libc_malloc_dispatch = &gMallocUse; } } static pthread_once_t malloc_init_once_ctl = PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT; #endif // !LIBC_STATIC #endif // USE_DL_PREFIX /* Initializes memory allocation framework. * This routine is called from __libc_init routines implemented * in libc_init_static.c and libc_init_dynamic.c files. */ void malloc_debug_init(void) { /* We need to initialize malloc iff we implement here custom * malloc routines (i.e. USE_DL_PREFIX is defined) for libc.so */ #if defined(USE_DL_PREFIX) && !defined(LIBC_STATIC) if (pthread_once(&malloc_init_once_ctl, malloc_init_impl)) { error_log("Unable to initialize malloc_debug component."); } #endif // USE_DL_PREFIX && !LIBC_STATIC }