105bc26fa6
Change-Id: I8feeec1ee9935a6d6baebe57f1c0043ff90ff94f
644 lines
22 KiB
C
644 lines
22 KiB
C
/*
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* Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
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* All rights reserved.
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*
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* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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* are met:
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* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
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* the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
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* distribution.
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*
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* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
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* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
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* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
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* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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* COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
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* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
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* BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
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* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
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* AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
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* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
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* OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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* SUCH DAMAGE.
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*/
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#include <errno.h>
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#include <sys/mman.h>
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#include "linker_phdr.h"
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/**
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TECHNICAL NOTE ON ELF LOADING.
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An ELF file's program header table contains one or more PT_LOAD
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segments, which corresponds to portions of the file that need to
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be mapped into the process' address space.
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Each loadable segment has the following important properties:
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p_offset -> segment file offset
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p_filesz -> segment file size
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p_memsz -> segment memory size (always >= p_filesz)
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p_vaddr -> segment's virtual address
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p_flags -> segment flags (e.g. readable, writable, executable)
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We will ignore the p_paddr and p_align fields of Elf32_Phdr for now.
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The loadable segments can be seen as a list of [p_vaddr ... p_vaddr+p_memsz)
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ranges of virtual addresses. A few rules apply:
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- the virtual address ranges should not overlap.
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- if a segment's p_filesz is smaller than its p_memsz, the extra bytes
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between them should always be initialized to 0.
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- ranges do not necessarily start or end at page boundaries. Two distinct
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segments can have their start and end on the same page. In this case, the
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page inherits the mapping flags of the latter segment.
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Finally, the real load addrs of each segment is not p_vaddr. Instead the
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loader decides where to load the first segment, then will load all others
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relative to the first one to respect the initial range layout.
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For example, consider the following list:
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[ offset:0, filesz:0x4000, memsz:0x4000, vaddr:0x30000 ],
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[ offset:0x4000, filesz:0x2000, memsz:0x8000, vaddr:0x40000 ],
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This corresponds to two segments that cover these virtual address ranges:
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0x30000...0x34000
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0x40000...0x48000
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If the loader decides to load the first segment at address 0xa0000000
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then the segments' load address ranges will be:
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0xa0030000...0xa0034000
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0xa0040000...0xa0048000
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In other words, all segments must be loaded at an address that has the same
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constant offset from their p_vaddr value. This offset is computed as the
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difference between the first segment's load address, and its p_vaddr value.
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However, in practice, segments do _not_ start at page boundaries. Since we
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can only memory-map at page boundaries, this means that the bias is
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computed as:
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load_bias = phdr0_load_address - PAGE_START(phdr0->p_vaddr)
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(NOTE: The value must be used as a 32-bit unsigned integer, to deal with
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possible wrap around UINT32_MAX for possible large p_vaddr values).
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And that the phdr0_load_address must start at a page boundary, with
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the segment's real content starting at:
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phdr0_load_address + PAGE_OFFSET(phdr0->p_vaddr)
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Note that ELF requires the following condition to make the mmap()-ing work:
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PAGE_OFFSET(phdr0->p_vaddr) == PAGE_OFFSET(phdr0->p_offset)
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The load_bias must be added to any p_vaddr value read from the ELF file to
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determine the corresponding memory address.
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**/
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#define MAYBE_MAP_FLAG(x,from,to) (((x) & (from)) ? (to) : 0)
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#define PFLAGS_TO_PROT(x) (MAYBE_MAP_FLAG((x), PF_X, PROT_EXEC) | \
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MAYBE_MAP_FLAG((x), PF_R, PROT_READ) | \
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MAYBE_MAP_FLAG((x), PF_W, PROT_WRITE))
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/* Load the program header table from an ELF file into a read-only private
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* anonymous mmap-ed block.
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*
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* Input:
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* fd -> file descriptor
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* phdr_offset -> file offset of phdr table
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* phdr_num -> number of entries in the table.
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*
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* Output:
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* phdr_mmap -> address of mmap block in memory.
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* phdr_memsize -> size of mmap block in memory.
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* phdr_table -> address of first entry in memory.
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*
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* Return:
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* -1 on error, or 0 on success.
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*/
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int phdr_table_load(int fd,
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Elf32_Addr phdr_offset,
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Elf32_Half phdr_num,
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void** phdr_mmap,
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Elf32_Addr* phdr_size,
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const Elf32_Phdr** phdr_table)
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{
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Elf32_Addr page_min, page_max, page_offset;
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void* mmap_result;
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/* Just like the kernel, we only accept program header tables that
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* are smaller than 64KB. */
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if (phdr_num < 1 || phdr_num > 65536/sizeof(Elf32_Phdr)) {
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errno = EINVAL;
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return -1;
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}
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page_min = PAGE_START(phdr_offset);
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page_max = PAGE_END(phdr_offset + phdr_num*sizeof(Elf32_Phdr));
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page_offset = PAGE_OFFSET(phdr_offset);
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mmap_result = mmap(NULL,
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page_max - page_min,
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PROT_READ,
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MAP_PRIVATE,
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fd,
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page_min);
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if (mmap_result == MAP_FAILED) {
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return -1;
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}
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*phdr_mmap = mmap_result;
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*phdr_size = page_max - page_min;
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*phdr_table = (Elf32_Phdr*)((char*)mmap_result + page_offset);
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return 0;
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}
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void phdr_table_unload(void* phdr_mmap, Elf32_Addr phdr_memsize)
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{
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munmap(phdr_mmap, phdr_memsize);
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}
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/* Compute the extent of all loadable segments in an ELF program header
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* table. This corresponds to the page-aligned size in bytes that needs to be
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* reserved in the process' address space
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*
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* This returns 0 if there are no loadable segments.
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*/
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Elf32_Addr phdr_table_get_load_size(const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_table,
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size_t phdr_count)
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{
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Elf32_Addr min_vaddr = 0xFFFFFFFFU;
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Elf32_Addr max_vaddr = 0x00000000U;
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for (size_t i = 0; i < phdr_count; ++i) {
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const Elf32_Phdr* phdr = &phdr_table[i];
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if (phdr->p_type != PT_LOAD) {
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continue;
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}
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if (phdr->p_vaddr < min_vaddr) {
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min_vaddr = phdr->p_vaddr;
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}
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if (phdr->p_vaddr + phdr->p_memsz > max_vaddr) {
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max_vaddr = phdr->p_vaddr + phdr->p_memsz;
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}
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}
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if (min_vaddr > max_vaddr) {
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return 0;
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}
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min_vaddr = PAGE_START(min_vaddr);
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max_vaddr = PAGE_END(max_vaddr);
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return max_vaddr - min_vaddr;
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}
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/* Reserve a virtual address range big enough to hold all loadable
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* segments of a program header table. This is done by creating a
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* private anonymous mmap() with PROT_NONE.
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*
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* Input:
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* phdr_table -> program header table
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* phdr_count -> number of entries in the tables
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* Output:
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* load_start -> first page of reserved address space range
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* load_size -> size in bytes of reserved address space range
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* load_bias -> load bias, as described in technical note above.
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*
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* Return:
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* 0 on success, -1 otherwise. Error code in errno.
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*/
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int
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phdr_table_reserve_memory(const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_table,
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size_t phdr_count,
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void** load_start,
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Elf32_Addr* load_size,
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Elf32_Addr* load_bias)
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{
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Elf32_Addr size = phdr_table_get_load_size(phdr_table, phdr_count);
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if (size == 0) {
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errno = EINVAL;
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return -1;
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}
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int mmap_flags = MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS;
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void* start = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_NONE, mmap_flags, -1, 0);
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if (start == MAP_FAILED) {
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return -1;
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}
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*load_start = start;
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*load_size = size;
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*load_bias = 0;
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for (size_t i = 0; i < phdr_count; ++i) {
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const Elf32_Phdr* phdr = &phdr_table[i];
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if (phdr->p_type == PT_LOAD) {
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*load_bias = (Elf32_Addr)start - PAGE_START(phdr->p_vaddr);
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break;
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}
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}
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return 0;
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}
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/* Map all loadable segments in process' address space.
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* This assumes you already called phdr_table_reserve_memory to
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* reserve the address space range for the library.
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*
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* Input:
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* phdr_table -> program header table
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* phdr_count -> number of entries in the table
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* load_bias -> load offset.
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* fd -> input file descriptor.
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*
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* Return:
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* 0 on success, -1 otherwise. Error code in errno.
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*/
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int
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phdr_table_load_segments(const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_table,
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int phdr_count,
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Elf32_Addr load_bias,
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int fd)
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{
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int nn;
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for (nn = 0; nn < phdr_count; nn++) {
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const Elf32_Phdr* phdr = &phdr_table[nn];
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void* seg_addr;
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if (phdr->p_type != PT_LOAD)
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continue;
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/* Segment addresses in memory */
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Elf32_Addr seg_start = phdr->p_vaddr + load_bias;
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Elf32_Addr seg_end = seg_start + phdr->p_memsz;
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Elf32_Addr seg_page_start = PAGE_START(seg_start);
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Elf32_Addr seg_page_end = PAGE_END(seg_end);
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Elf32_Addr seg_file_end = seg_start + phdr->p_filesz;
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/* File offsets */
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Elf32_Addr file_start = phdr->p_offset;
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Elf32_Addr file_end = file_start + phdr->p_filesz;
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Elf32_Addr file_page_start = PAGE_START(file_start);
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Elf32_Addr file_page_end = PAGE_END(file_end);
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seg_addr = mmap((void*)seg_page_start,
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file_end - file_page_start,
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PFLAGS_TO_PROT(phdr->p_flags),
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MAP_FIXED|MAP_PRIVATE,
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fd,
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file_page_start);
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if (seg_addr == MAP_FAILED) {
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return -1;
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}
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/* if the segment is writable, and does not end on a page boundary,
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* zero-fill it until the page limit. */
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if ((phdr->p_flags & PF_W) != 0 && PAGE_OFFSET(seg_file_end) > 0) {
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memset((void*)seg_file_end, 0, PAGE_SIZE - PAGE_OFFSET(seg_file_end));
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}
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seg_file_end = PAGE_END(seg_file_end);
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/* seg_file_end is now the first page address after the file
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* content. If seg_end is larger, we need to zero anything
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* between them. This is done by using a private anonymous
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* map for all extra pages.
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*/
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if (seg_page_end > seg_file_end) {
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void* zeromap = mmap((void*)seg_file_end,
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seg_page_end - seg_file_end,
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PFLAGS_TO_PROT(phdr->p_flags),
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MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE,
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-1,
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0);
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if (zeromap == MAP_FAILED) {
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return -1;
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}
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}
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}
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return 0;
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}
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/* Used internally. Used to set the protection bits of all loaded segments
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* with optional extra flags (i.e. really PROT_WRITE). Used by
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* phdr_table_protect_segments and phdr_table_unprotect_segments.
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*/
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static int
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_phdr_table_set_load_prot(const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_table,
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int phdr_count,
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Elf32_Addr load_bias,
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int extra_prot_flags)
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{
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const Elf32_Phdr* phdr = phdr_table;
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const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_limit = phdr + phdr_count;
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for (; phdr < phdr_limit; phdr++) {
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if (phdr->p_type != PT_LOAD || (phdr->p_flags & PF_W) != 0)
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continue;
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Elf32_Addr seg_page_start = PAGE_START(phdr->p_vaddr) + load_bias;
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Elf32_Addr seg_page_end = PAGE_END(phdr->p_vaddr + phdr->p_memsz) + load_bias;
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int ret = mprotect((void*)seg_page_start,
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seg_page_end - seg_page_start,
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PFLAGS_TO_PROT(phdr->p_flags) | extra_prot_flags);
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if (ret < 0) {
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return -1;
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}
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}
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return 0;
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}
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/* Restore the original protection modes for all loadable segments.
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* You should only call this after phdr_table_unprotect_segments and
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* applying all relocations.
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*
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* Input:
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* phdr_table -> program header table
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* phdr_count -> number of entries in tables
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* load_bias -> load bias
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* Return:
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* 0 on error, -1 on failure (error code in errno).
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*/
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int
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phdr_table_protect_segments(const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_table,
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int phdr_count,
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Elf32_Addr load_bias)
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{
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return _phdr_table_set_load_prot(phdr_table, phdr_count,
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load_bias, 0);
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}
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/* Change the protection of all loaded segments in memory to writable.
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* This is useful before performing relocations. Once completed, you
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* will have to call phdr_table_protect_segments to restore the original
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* protection flags on all segments.
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*
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* Note that some writable segments can also have their content turned
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* to read-only by calling phdr_table_protect_gnu_relro. This is no
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* performed here.
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*
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* Input:
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* phdr_table -> program header table
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* phdr_count -> number of entries in tables
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* load_bias -> load bias
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* Return:
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* 0 on error, -1 on failure (error code in errno).
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*/
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int
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phdr_table_unprotect_segments(const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_table,
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int phdr_count,
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Elf32_Addr load_bias)
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{
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return _phdr_table_set_load_prot(phdr_table, phdr_count,
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load_bias, PROT_WRITE);
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}
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/* Used internally by phdr_table_protect_gnu_relro and
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* phdr_table_unprotect_gnu_relro.
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*/
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static int
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_phdr_table_set_gnu_relro_prot(const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_table,
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int phdr_count,
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Elf32_Addr load_bias,
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int prot_flags)
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{
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const Elf32_Phdr* phdr = phdr_table;
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const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_limit = phdr + phdr_count;
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for (phdr = phdr_table; phdr < phdr_limit; phdr++) {
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if (phdr->p_type != PT_GNU_RELRO)
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continue;
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/* Tricky: what happens when the relro segment does not start
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* or end at page boundaries?. We're going to be over-protective
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* here and put every page touched by the segment as read-only.
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*
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* This seems to match Ian Lance Taylor's description of the
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* feature at http://www.airs.com/blog/archives/189.
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*
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* Extract:
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* Note that the current dynamic linker code will only work
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* correctly if the PT_GNU_RELRO segment starts on a page
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* boundary. This is because the dynamic linker rounds the
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* p_vaddr field down to the previous page boundary. If
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* there is anything on the page which should not be read-only,
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* the program is likely to fail at runtime. So in effect the
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* linker must only emit a PT_GNU_RELRO segment if it ensures
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* that it starts on a page boundary.
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*/
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Elf32_Addr seg_page_start = PAGE_START(phdr->p_vaddr) + load_bias;
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Elf32_Addr seg_page_end = PAGE_END(phdr->p_vaddr + phdr->p_memsz) + load_bias;
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int ret = mprotect((void*)seg_page_start,
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seg_page_end - seg_page_start,
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prot_flags);
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if (ret < 0) {
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return -1;
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}
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}
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return 0;
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}
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/* Apply GNU relro protection if specified by the program header. This will
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* turn some of the pages of a writable PT_LOAD segment to read-only, as
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* specified by one or more PT_GNU_RELRO segments. This must be always
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* performed after relocations.
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*
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* The areas typically covered are .got and .data.rel.ro, these are
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* read-only from the program's POV, but contain absolute addresses
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* that need to be relocated before use.
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*
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* Input:
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* phdr_table -> program header table
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* phdr_count -> number of entries in tables
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* load_bias -> load bias
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* Return:
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* 0 on error, -1 on failure (error code in errno).
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*/
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int
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phdr_table_protect_gnu_relro(const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_table,
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int phdr_count,
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Elf32_Addr load_bias)
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{
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return _phdr_table_set_gnu_relro_prot(phdr_table,
|
|
phdr_count,
|
|
load_bias,
|
|
PROT_READ);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
#ifdef ANDROID_ARM_LINKER
|
|
|
|
# ifndef PT_ARM_EXIDX
|
|
# define PT_ARM_EXIDX 0x70000001 /* .ARM.exidx segment */
|
|
# endif
|
|
|
|
/* Return the address and size of the .ARM.exidx section in memory,
|
|
* if present.
|
|
*
|
|
* Input:
|
|
* phdr_table -> program header table
|
|
* phdr_count -> number of entries in tables
|
|
* load_bias -> load bias
|
|
* Output:
|
|
* arm_exidx -> address of table in memory (NULL on failure).
|
|
* arm_exidx_count -> number of items in table (0 on failure).
|
|
* Return:
|
|
* 0 on error, -1 on failure (_no_ error code in errno)
|
|
*/
|
|
int
|
|
phdr_table_get_arm_exidx(const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_table,
|
|
int phdr_count,
|
|
Elf32_Addr load_bias,
|
|
Elf32_Addr** arm_exidx,
|
|
unsigned* arm_exidx_count)
|
|
{
|
|
const Elf32_Phdr* phdr = phdr_table;
|
|
const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_limit = phdr + phdr_count;
|
|
|
|
for (phdr = phdr_table; phdr < phdr_limit; phdr++) {
|
|
if (phdr->p_type != PT_ARM_EXIDX)
|
|
continue;
|
|
|
|
*arm_exidx = (Elf32_Addr*)(load_bias + phdr->p_vaddr);
|
|
*arm_exidx_count = (unsigned)(phdr->p_memsz / 8);
|
|
return 0;
|
|
}
|
|
*arm_exidx = NULL;
|
|
*arm_exidx_count = 0;
|
|
return -1;
|
|
}
|
|
#endif /* ANDROID_ARM_LINKER */
|
|
|
|
/* Return the address and size of the ELF file's .dynamic section in memory,
|
|
* or NULL if missing.
|
|
*
|
|
* Input:
|
|
* phdr_table -> program header table
|
|
* phdr_count -> number of entries in tables
|
|
* load_bias -> load bias
|
|
* Output:
|
|
* dynamic -> address of table in memory (NULL on failure).
|
|
* dynamic_count -> number of items in table (0 on failure).
|
|
* Return:
|
|
* void
|
|
*/
|
|
void
|
|
phdr_table_get_dynamic_section(const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_table,
|
|
int phdr_count,
|
|
Elf32_Addr load_bias,
|
|
Elf32_Addr** dynamic,
|
|
size_t* dynamic_count)
|
|
{
|
|
const Elf32_Phdr* phdr = phdr_table;
|
|
const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_limit = phdr + phdr_count;
|
|
|
|
for (phdr = phdr_table; phdr < phdr_limit; phdr++) {
|
|
if (phdr->p_type != PT_DYNAMIC) {
|
|
continue;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
*dynamic = (Elf32_Addr*)(load_bias + phdr->p_vaddr);
|
|
if (dynamic_count) {
|
|
*dynamic_count = (unsigned)(phdr->p_memsz / 8);
|
|
}
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
*dynamic = NULL;
|
|
if (dynamic_count) {
|
|
*dynamic_count = 0;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* Return the address of the program header table as it appears in the loaded
|
|
* segments in memory. This is in contrast with the input 'phdr_table' which
|
|
* is temporary and will be released before the library is relocated.
|
|
*
|
|
* Input:
|
|
* phdr_table -> program header table
|
|
* phdr_count -> number of entries in tables
|
|
* load_bias -> load bias
|
|
* Return:
|
|
* Address of loaded program header table on success (it has
|
|
* 'phdr_count' entries), or NULL on failure (no error code).
|
|
*/
|
|
const Elf32_Phdr*
|
|
phdr_table_get_loaded_phdr(const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_table,
|
|
int phdr_count,
|
|
Elf32_Addr load_bias)
|
|
{
|
|
const Elf32_Phdr* phdr = phdr_table;
|
|
const Elf32_Phdr* phdr_limit = phdr + phdr_count;
|
|
Elf32_Addr loaded = 0;
|
|
Elf32_Addr loaded_end;
|
|
|
|
/* If there is a PT_PHDR, use it directly */
|
|
for (phdr = phdr_table; phdr < phdr_limit; phdr++) {
|
|
if (phdr->p_type == PT_PHDR) {
|
|
loaded = load_bias + phdr->p_vaddr;
|
|
goto CHECK;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* Otherwise, check the first loadable segment. If its file offset
|
|
* is 0, it starts with the ELF header, and we can trivially find the
|
|
* loaded program header from it. */
|
|
for (phdr = phdr_table; phdr < phdr_limit; phdr++) {
|
|
if (phdr->p_type == PT_LOAD) {
|
|
if (phdr->p_offset == 0) {
|
|
Elf32_Addr elf_addr = load_bias + phdr->p_vaddr;
|
|
const Elf32_Ehdr* ehdr = (const Elf32_Ehdr*)(void*)elf_addr;
|
|
Elf32_Addr offset = ehdr->e_phoff;
|
|
loaded = (Elf32_Addr)ehdr + offset;
|
|
goto CHECK;
|
|
}
|
|
break;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* We didn't find it, let the client know. He may be able to
|
|
* keep a copy of the input phdr_table instead. */
|
|
return NULL;
|
|
|
|
CHECK:
|
|
/* Ensure that our program header is actually within a loadable
|
|
* segment. This should help catch badly-formed ELF files that
|
|
* would cause the linker to crash later when trying to access it.
|
|
*/
|
|
loaded_end = loaded + phdr_count*sizeof(Elf32_Phdr);
|
|
|
|
for (phdr = phdr_table; phdr < phdr_limit; phdr++) {
|
|
if (phdr->p_type != PT_LOAD)
|
|
continue;
|
|
Elf32_Addr seg_start = phdr->p_vaddr + load_bias;
|
|
Elf32_Addr seg_end = phdr->p_filesz + seg_start;
|
|
|
|
if (seg_start <= loaded && loaded_end <= seg_end) {
|
|
return (const Elf32_Phdr*)loaded;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return NULL;
|
|
}
|