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platform_bionic/libc/bionic/pthread_mutex.cpp
Elliott Hughes 9108f258ad Remove <pthread.h> cruft. 
The next NDK to take these headers only supports API 21 and later.

Note that this change leaves the _implementation_ of these functions
behind, so that any old apps calling these APIs should continue to work,
you just can't (without declaring the functions yourself) write new ones
that do (and declaring the functions yourself would only work on LP32
anyway, so that's not going to get you very far in 2023).

Test: treehugger
Change-Id: Ie03514e4215b40f6e9feaa6e4bf5df5b16dc8d59
2023-02-27 21:31:11 +00:00

1034 lines
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/*
* Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
* the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
* distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
* "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
* LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
* FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
* INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
* BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
* OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
* AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT
* OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#include <pthread.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdatomic.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include "pthread_internal.h"
#include "private/bionic_constants.h"
#include "private/bionic_fortify.h"
#include "private/bionic_futex.h"
#include "private/bionic_systrace.h"
#include "private/bionic_time_conversions.h"
#include "private/bionic_tls.h"
/* a mutex attribute holds the following fields
*
* bits: name description
* 0-3 type type of mutex
* 4 shared process-shared flag
* 5 protocol whether it is a priority inherit mutex.
*/
#define MUTEXATTR_TYPE_MASK 0x000f
#define MUTEXATTR_SHARED_MASK 0x0010
#define MUTEXATTR_PROTOCOL_MASK 0x0020
#define MUTEXATTR_PROTOCOL_SHIFT 5
int pthread_mutexattr_init(pthread_mutexattr_t *attr)
{
*attr = PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT;
return 0;
}
int pthread_mutexattr_destroy(pthread_mutexattr_t *attr)
{
*attr = -1;
return 0;
}
int pthread_mutexattr_gettype(const pthread_mutexattr_t *attr, int *type_p)
{
int type = (*attr & MUTEXATTR_TYPE_MASK);
if (type < PTHREAD_MUTEX_NORMAL || type > PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK) {
return EINVAL;
}
*type_p = type;
return 0;
}
int pthread_mutexattr_settype(pthread_mutexattr_t *attr, int type)
{
if (type < PTHREAD_MUTEX_NORMAL || type > PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK ) {
return EINVAL;
}
*attr = (*attr & ~MUTEXATTR_TYPE_MASK) | type;
return 0;
}
/* process-shared mutexes are not supported at the moment */
int pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(pthread_mutexattr_t *attr, int pshared)
{
switch (pshared) {
case PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE:
*attr &= ~MUTEXATTR_SHARED_MASK;
return 0;
case PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED:
/* our current implementation of pthread actually supports shared
* mutexes but won't cleanup if a process dies with the mutex held.
* Nevertheless, it's better than nothing. Shared mutexes are used
* by surfaceflinger and audioflinger.
*/
*attr |= MUTEXATTR_SHARED_MASK;
return 0;
}
return EINVAL;
}
int pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(const pthread_mutexattr_t* attr, int* pshared) {
*pshared = (*attr & MUTEXATTR_SHARED_MASK) ? PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED : PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE;
return 0;
}
int pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol(pthread_mutexattr_t* attr, int protocol) {
if (protocol != PTHREAD_PRIO_NONE && protocol != PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT) {
return EINVAL;
}
*attr = (*attr & ~MUTEXATTR_PROTOCOL_MASK) | (protocol << MUTEXATTR_PROTOCOL_SHIFT);
return 0;
}
int pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol(const pthread_mutexattr_t* attr, int* protocol) {
*protocol = (*attr & MUTEXATTR_PROTOCOL_MASK) >> MUTEXATTR_PROTOCOL_SHIFT;
return 0;
}
// Priority Inheritance mutex implementation
struct PIMutex {
// mutex type, can be 0 (normal), 1 (recursive), 2 (errorcheck), constant during lifetime
uint8_t type;
// process-shared flag, constant during lifetime
bool shared;
// <number of times a thread holding a recursive PI mutex> - 1
uint16_t counter;
// owner_tid is read/written by both userspace code and kernel code. It includes three fields:
// FUTEX_WAITERS, FUTEX_OWNER_DIED and FUTEX_TID_MASK.
atomic_int owner_tid;
};
static inline __always_inline int PIMutexTryLock(PIMutex& mutex) {
pid_t tid = __get_thread()->tid;
// Handle common case first.
int old_owner = 0;
if (__predict_true(atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(&mutex.owner_tid,
&old_owner, tid,
memory_order_acquire,
memory_order_relaxed))) {
return 0;
}
if (tid == (old_owner & FUTEX_TID_MASK)) {
// We already own this mutex.
if (mutex.type == PTHREAD_MUTEX_NORMAL) {
return EBUSY;
}
if (mutex.type == PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK) {
return EDEADLK;
}
if (mutex.counter == 0xffff) {
return EAGAIN;
}
mutex.counter++;
return 0;
}
return EBUSY;
}
// Inlining this function in pthread_mutex_lock() adds the cost of stack frame instructions on
// ARM/ARM64, which increases at most 20 percent overhead. So make it noinline.
static int __attribute__((noinline)) PIMutexTimedLock(PIMutex& mutex,
bool use_realtime_clock,
const timespec* abs_timeout) {
int ret = PIMutexTryLock(mutex);
if (__predict_true(ret == 0)) {
return 0;
}
if (ret == EBUSY) {
ScopedTrace trace("Contending for pthread mutex");
ret = -__futex_pi_lock_ex(&mutex.owner_tid, mutex.shared, use_realtime_clock, abs_timeout);
}
return ret;
}
static int PIMutexUnlock(PIMutex& mutex) {
pid_t tid = __get_thread()->tid;
int old_owner = tid;
// Handle common case first.
if (__predict_true(mutex.type == PTHREAD_MUTEX_NORMAL)) {
if (__predict_true(atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(&mutex.owner_tid,
&old_owner, 0,
memory_order_release,
memory_order_relaxed))) {
return 0;
}
} else {
old_owner = atomic_load_explicit(&mutex.owner_tid, memory_order_relaxed);
}
if (tid != (old_owner & FUTEX_TID_MASK)) {
// The mutex can only be unlocked by the thread who owns it.
return EPERM;
}
if (mutex.type == PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE) {
if (mutex.counter != 0u) {
--mutex.counter;
return 0;
}
}
if (old_owner == tid) {
// No thread is waiting.
if (__predict_true(atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(&mutex.owner_tid,
&old_owner, 0,
memory_order_release,
memory_order_relaxed))) {
return 0;
}
}
return -__futex_pi_unlock(&mutex.owner_tid, mutex.shared);
}
static int PIMutexDestroy(PIMutex& mutex) {
// The mutex should be in unlocked state (owner_tid == 0) when destroyed.
// Store 0xffffffff to make the mutex unusable.
int old_owner = 0;
if (atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(&mutex.owner_tid, &old_owner, 0xffffffff,
memory_order_relaxed, memory_order_relaxed)) {
return 0;
}
return EBUSY;
}
#if !defined(__LP64__)
namespace PIMutexAllocator {
// pthread_mutex_t has only 4 bytes in 32-bit programs, which are not enough to hold PIMutex.
// So we use malloc to allocate PIMutexes and use 16-bit of pthread_mutex_t as indexes to find
// the allocated PIMutexes. This allows at most 65536 PI mutexes.
// When calling operations like pthread_mutex_lock/unlock, the 16-bit index is mapped to the
// corresponding PIMutex. To make the map operation fast, we use a lockless mapping method:
// Once a PIMutex is allocated, all the data used to map index to the PIMutex isn't changed until
// it is destroyed.
// Below are the data structures:
// // struct Node contains a PIMutex.
// typedef Node NodeArray[256];
// typedef NodeArray* NodeArrayP;
// NodeArrayP nodes[256];
//
// A 16-bit index is mapped to Node as below:
// (*nodes[index >> 8])[index & 0xff]
//
// Also use a free list to allow O(1) finding recycled PIMutexes.
union Node {
PIMutex mutex;
int next_free_id; // If not -1, refer to the next node in the free PIMutex list.
};
typedef Node NodeArray[256];
typedef NodeArray* NodeArrayP;
// lock_ protects below items.
static Lock lock;
static NodeArrayP* nodes;
static int next_to_alloc_id;
static int first_free_id = -1; // If not -1, refer to the first node in the free PIMutex list.
static inline __always_inline Node& IdToNode(int id) {
return (*nodes[id >> 8])[id & 0xff];
}
static inline __always_inline PIMutex& IdToPIMutex(int id) {
return IdToNode(id).mutex;
}
static int AllocIdLocked() {
if (first_free_id != -1) {
int result = first_free_id;
first_free_id = IdToNode(result).next_free_id;
return result;
}
if (next_to_alloc_id >= 0x10000) {
return -1;
}
int array_pos = next_to_alloc_id >> 8;
int node_pos = next_to_alloc_id & 0xff;
if (node_pos == 0) {
if (array_pos == 0) {
nodes = static_cast<NodeArray**>(calloc(256, sizeof(NodeArray*)));
if (nodes == nullptr) {
return -1;
}
}
nodes[array_pos] = static_cast<NodeArray*>(malloc(sizeof(NodeArray)));
if (nodes[array_pos] == nullptr) {
return -1;
}
}
return next_to_alloc_id++;
}
// If succeed, return an id referring to a PIMutex, otherwise return -1.
// A valid id is in range [0, 0xffff].
static int AllocId() {
lock.lock();
int result = AllocIdLocked();
lock.unlock();
if (result != -1) {
memset(&IdToPIMutex(result), 0, sizeof(PIMutex));
}
return result;
}
static void FreeId(int id) {
lock.lock();
IdToNode(id).next_free_id = first_free_id;
first_free_id = id;
lock.unlock();
}
} // namespace PIMutexAllocator
#endif // !defined(__LP64__)
/* Convenience macro, creates a mask of 'bits' bits that starts from
* the 'shift'-th least significant bit in a 32-bit word.
*
* Examples: FIELD_MASK(0,4) -> 0xf
* FIELD_MASK(16,9) -> 0x1ff0000
*/
#define FIELD_MASK(shift,bits) (((1 << (bits))-1) << (shift))
/* This one is used to create a bit pattern from a given field value */
#define FIELD_TO_BITS(val,shift,bits) (((val) & ((1 << (bits))-1)) << (shift))
/* And this one does the opposite, i.e. extract a field's value from a bit pattern */
#define FIELD_FROM_BITS(val,shift,bits) (((val) >> (shift)) & ((1 << (bits))-1))
/* Convenience macros.
*
* These are used to form or modify the bit pattern of a given mutex value
*/
/* Mutex state:
*
* 0 for unlocked
* 1 for locked, no waiters
* 2 for locked, maybe waiters
*/
#define MUTEX_STATE_SHIFT 0
#define MUTEX_STATE_LEN 2
#define MUTEX_STATE_MASK FIELD_MASK(MUTEX_STATE_SHIFT, MUTEX_STATE_LEN)
#define MUTEX_STATE_FROM_BITS(v) FIELD_FROM_BITS(v, MUTEX_STATE_SHIFT, MUTEX_STATE_LEN)
#define MUTEX_STATE_TO_BITS(v) FIELD_TO_BITS(v, MUTEX_STATE_SHIFT, MUTEX_STATE_LEN)
#define MUTEX_STATE_UNLOCKED 0 /* must be 0 to match PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER */
#define MUTEX_STATE_LOCKED_UNCONTENDED 1 /* must be 1 due to atomic dec in unlock operation */
#define MUTEX_STATE_LOCKED_CONTENDED 2 /* must be 1 + LOCKED_UNCONTENDED due to atomic dec */
#define MUTEX_STATE_BITS_UNLOCKED MUTEX_STATE_TO_BITS(MUTEX_STATE_UNLOCKED)
#define MUTEX_STATE_BITS_LOCKED_UNCONTENDED MUTEX_STATE_TO_BITS(MUTEX_STATE_LOCKED_UNCONTENDED)
#define MUTEX_STATE_BITS_LOCKED_CONTENDED MUTEX_STATE_TO_BITS(MUTEX_STATE_LOCKED_CONTENDED)
// Return true iff the mutex is unlocked.
#define MUTEX_STATE_BITS_IS_UNLOCKED(v) (((v) & MUTEX_STATE_MASK) == MUTEX_STATE_BITS_UNLOCKED)
// Return true iff the mutex is locked with no waiters.
#define MUTEX_STATE_BITS_IS_LOCKED_UNCONTENDED(v) (((v) & MUTEX_STATE_MASK) == MUTEX_STATE_BITS_LOCKED_UNCONTENDED)
// return true iff the mutex is locked with maybe waiters.
#define MUTEX_STATE_BITS_IS_LOCKED_CONTENDED(v) (((v) & MUTEX_STATE_MASK) == MUTEX_STATE_BITS_LOCKED_CONTENDED)
/* used to flip from LOCKED_UNCONTENDED to LOCKED_CONTENDED */
#define MUTEX_STATE_BITS_FLIP_CONTENTION(v) ((v) ^ (MUTEX_STATE_BITS_LOCKED_CONTENDED ^ MUTEX_STATE_BITS_LOCKED_UNCONTENDED))
/* Mutex counter:
*
* We need to check for overflow before incrementing, and we also need to
* detect when the counter is 0
*/
#define MUTEX_COUNTER_SHIFT 2
#define MUTEX_COUNTER_LEN 11
#define MUTEX_COUNTER_MASK FIELD_MASK(MUTEX_COUNTER_SHIFT, MUTEX_COUNTER_LEN)
#define MUTEX_COUNTER_BITS_WILL_OVERFLOW(v) (((v) & MUTEX_COUNTER_MASK) == MUTEX_COUNTER_MASK)
#define MUTEX_COUNTER_BITS_IS_ZERO(v) (((v) & MUTEX_COUNTER_MASK) == 0)
/* Used to increment the counter directly after overflow has been checked */
#define MUTEX_COUNTER_BITS_ONE FIELD_TO_BITS(1, MUTEX_COUNTER_SHIFT,MUTEX_COUNTER_LEN)
/* Mutex shared bit flag
*
* This flag is set to indicate that the mutex is shared among processes.
* This changes the futex opcode we use for futex wait/wake operations
* (non-shared operations are much faster).
*/
#define MUTEX_SHARED_SHIFT 13
#define MUTEX_SHARED_MASK FIELD_MASK(MUTEX_SHARED_SHIFT,1)
/* Mutex type:
* We support normal, recursive and errorcheck mutexes.
*/
#define MUTEX_TYPE_SHIFT 14
#define MUTEX_TYPE_LEN 2
#define MUTEX_TYPE_MASK FIELD_MASK(MUTEX_TYPE_SHIFT,MUTEX_TYPE_LEN)
#define MUTEX_TYPE_TO_BITS(t) FIELD_TO_BITS(t, MUTEX_TYPE_SHIFT, MUTEX_TYPE_LEN)
#define MUTEX_TYPE_BITS_NORMAL MUTEX_TYPE_TO_BITS(PTHREAD_MUTEX_NORMAL)
#define MUTEX_TYPE_BITS_RECURSIVE MUTEX_TYPE_TO_BITS(PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE)
#define MUTEX_TYPE_BITS_ERRORCHECK MUTEX_TYPE_TO_BITS(PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK)
// Use a special mutex type to mark priority inheritance mutexes.
#define PI_MUTEX_STATE MUTEX_TYPE_TO_BITS(3)
// For a PI mutex, it includes below fields:
// Atomic(uint16_t) state;
// PIMutex pi_mutex; // uint16_t pi_mutex_id in 32-bit programs
//
// state holds the following fields:
//
// bits: name description
// 15-14 type mutex type, should be 3
// 13-0 padding should be 0
//
// pi_mutex holds the state of a PI mutex.
// pi_mutex_id holds an integer to find the state of a PI mutex.
//
// For a Non-PI mutex, it includes below fields:
// Atomic(uint16_t) state;
// atomic_int owner_tid; // Atomic(uint16_t) in 32-bit programs
//
// state holds the following fields:
//
// bits: name description
// 15-14 type mutex type, can be 0 (normal), 1 (recursive), 2 (errorcheck)
// 13 shared process-shared flag
// 12-2 counter <number of times a thread holding a recursive Non-PI mutex> - 1
// 1-0 state lock state (0, 1 or 2)
//
// bits 15-13 are constant during the lifetime of the mutex.
//
// owner_tid is used only in recursive and errorcheck Non-PI mutexes to hold the mutex owner
// thread id.
//
// PI mutexes and Non-PI mutexes are distinguished by checking type field in state.
#if defined(__LP64__)
struct pthread_mutex_internal_t {
_Atomic(uint16_t) state;
uint16_t __pad;
union {
atomic_int owner_tid;
PIMutex pi_mutex;
};
char __reserved[28];
PIMutex& ToPIMutex() {
return pi_mutex;
}
void FreePIMutex() {
}
} __attribute__((aligned(4)));
#else
struct pthread_mutex_internal_t {
_Atomic(uint16_t) state;
union {
_Atomic(uint16_t) owner_tid;
uint16_t pi_mutex_id;
};
PIMutex& ToPIMutex() {
return PIMutexAllocator::IdToPIMutex(pi_mutex_id);
}
void FreePIMutex() {
PIMutexAllocator::FreeId(pi_mutex_id);
}
} __attribute__((aligned(4)));
#endif
static_assert(sizeof(pthread_mutex_t) == sizeof(pthread_mutex_internal_t),
"pthread_mutex_t should actually be pthread_mutex_internal_t in implementation.");
// For binary compatibility with old version of pthread_mutex_t, we can't use more strict alignment
// than 4-byte alignment.
static_assert(alignof(pthread_mutex_t) == 4,
"pthread_mutex_t should fulfill the alignment of pthread_mutex_internal_t.");
static inline pthread_mutex_internal_t* __get_internal_mutex(pthread_mutex_t* mutex_interface) {
return reinterpret_cast<pthread_mutex_internal_t*>(mutex_interface);
}
int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t* mutex_interface, const pthread_mutexattr_t* attr) {
pthread_mutex_internal_t* mutex = __get_internal_mutex(mutex_interface);
memset(mutex, 0, sizeof(pthread_mutex_internal_t));
if (__predict_true(attr == nullptr)) {
atomic_init(&mutex->state, MUTEX_TYPE_BITS_NORMAL);
return 0;
}
uint16_t state = 0;
if ((*attr & MUTEXATTR_SHARED_MASK) != 0) {
state |= MUTEX_SHARED_MASK;
}
switch (*attr & MUTEXATTR_TYPE_MASK) {
case PTHREAD_MUTEX_NORMAL:
state |= MUTEX_TYPE_BITS_NORMAL;
break;
case PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE:
state |= MUTEX_TYPE_BITS_RECURSIVE;
break;
case PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK:
state |= MUTEX_TYPE_BITS_ERRORCHECK;
break;
default:
return EINVAL;
}
if (((*attr & MUTEXATTR_PROTOCOL_MASK) >> MUTEXATTR_PROTOCOL_SHIFT) == PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT) {
#if !defined(__LP64__)
if (state & MUTEX_SHARED_MASK) {
return EINVAL;
}
int id = PIMutexAllocator::AllocId();
if (id == -1) {
return ENOMEM;
}
mutex->pi_mutex_id = id;
#endif
atomic_init(&mutex->state, PI_MUTEX_STATE);
PIMutex& pi_mutex = mutex->ToPIMutex();
pi_mutex.type = *attr & MUTEXATTR_TYPE_MASK;
pi_mutex.shared = (*attr & MUTEXATTR_SHARED_MASK) != 0;
} else {
atomic_init(&mutex->state, state);
atomic_init(&mutex->owner_tid, 0);
}
return 0;
}
// namespace for Non-PI mutex routines.
namespace NonPI {
static inline __always_inline int NormalMutexTryLock(pthread_mutex_internal_t* mutex,
uint16_t shared) {
const uint16_t unlocked = shared | MUTEX_STATE_BITS_UNLOCKED;
const uint16_t locked_uncontended = shared | MUTEX_STATE_BITS_LOCKED_UNCONTENDED;
uint16_t old_state = unlocked;
if (__predict_true(atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(&mutex->state, &old_state,
locked_uncontended, memory_order_acquire, memory_order_relaxed))) {
return 0;
}
return EBUSY;
}
/*
* Lock a normal Non-PI mutex.
*
* As noted above, there are three states:
* 0 (unlocked, no contention)
* 1 (locked, no contention)
* 2 (locked, contention)
*
* Non-recursive mutexes don't use the thread-id or counter fields, and the
* "type" value is zero, so the only bits that will be set are the ones in
* the lock state field.
*/
static inline __always_inline int NormalMutexLock(pthread_mutex_internal_t* mutex,
uint16_t shared,
bool use_realtime_clock,
const timespec* abs_timeout_or_null) {
if (__predict_true(NormalMutexTryLock(mutex, shared) == 0)) {
return 0;
}
int result = check_timespec(abs_timeout_or_null, true);
if (result != 0) {
return result;
}
ScopedTrace trace("Contending for pthread mutex");
const uint16_t unlocked = shared | MUTEX_STATE_BITS_UNLOCKED;
const uint16_t locked_contended = shared | MUTEX_STATE_BITS_LOCKED_CONTENDED;
// We want to go to sleep until the mutex is available, which requires
// promoting it to locked_contended. We need to swap in the new state
// and then wait until somebody wakes us up.
// An atomic_exchange is used to compete with other threads for the lock.
// If it returns unlocked, we have acquired the lock, otherwise another
// thread still holds the lock and we should wait again.
// If lock is acquired, an acquire fence is needed to make all memory accesses
// made by other threads visible to the current CPU.
while (atomic_exchange_explicit(&mutex->state, locked_contended,
memory_order_acquire) != unlocked) {
if (__futex_wait_ex(&mutex->state, shared, locked_contended, use_realtime_clock,
abs_timeout_or_null) == -ETIMEDOUT) {
return ETIMEDOUT;
}
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Release a normal Non-PI mutex. The caller is responsible for determining
* that we are in fact the owner of this lock.
*/
static inline __always_inline void NormalMutexUnlock(pthread_mutex_internal_t* mutex,
uint16_t shared) {
const uint16_t unlocked = shared | MUTEX_STATE_BITS_UNLOCKED;
const uint16_t locked_contended = shared | MUTEX_STATE_BITS_LOCKED_CONTENDED;
// We use an atomic_exchange to release the lock. If locked_contended state
// is returned, some threads is waiting for the lock and we need to wake up
// one of them.
// A release fence is required to make previous stores visible to next
// lock owner threads.
if (atomic_exchange_explicit(&mutex->state, unlocked,
memory_order_release) == locked_contended) {
// Wake up one waiting thread. We don't know which thread will be
// woken or when it'll start executing -- futexes make no guarantees
// here. There may not even be a thread waiting.
//
// The newly-woken thread will replace the unlocked state we just set above
// with locked_contended state, which means that when it eventually releases
// the mutex it will also call FUTEX_WAKE. This results in one extra wake
// call whenever a lock is contended, but let us avoid forgetting anyone
// without requiring us to track the number of sleepers.
//
// It's possible for another thread to sneak in and grab the lock between
// the exchange above and the wake call below. If the new thread is "slow"
// and holds the lock for a while, we'll wake up a sleeper, which will swap
// in locked_uncontended state and then go back to sleep since the lock is
// still held. If the new thread is "fast", running to completion before
// we call wake, the thread we eventually wake will find an unlocked mutex
// and will execute. Either way we have correct behavior and nobody is
// orphaned on the wait queue.
//
// The pthread_mutex_internal_t object may have been deallocated between the
// atomic exchange and the wake call. In that case, this wake call could
// target unmapped memory or memory used by an otherwise unrelated futex
// operation. Even if the kernel avoids spurious futex wakeups from its
// point of view, this wake call could trigger a spurious wakeup in any
// futex accessible from this process. References:
// - https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/11/27/472
// - http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=811#c2267
__futex_wake_ex(&mutex->state, shared, 1);
}
}
/* This common inlined function is used to increment the counter of a recursive Non-PI mutex.
*
* If the counter overflows, it will return EAGAIN.
* Otherwise, it atomically increments the counter and returns 0.
*
*/
static inline __always_inline int RecursiveIncrement(pthread_mutex_internal_t* mutex,
uint16_t old_state) {
// Detect recursive lock overflow and return EAGAIN.
// This is safe because only the owner thread can modify the
// counter bits in the mutex value.
if (MUTEX_COUNTER_BITS_WILL_OVERFLOW(old_state)) {
return EAGAIN;
}
// Other threads are able to change the lower bits (e.g. promoting it to "contended"),
// but the mutex counter will not overflow. So we use atomic_fetch_add operation here.
// The mutex is already locked by current thread, so we don't need an acquire fence.
atomic_fetch_add_explicit(&mutex->state, MUTEX_COUNTER_BITS_ONE, memory_order_relaxed);
return 0;
}
// Wait on a recursive or errorcheck Non-PI mutex.
static inline __always_inline int RecursiveOrErrorcheckMutexWait(pthread_mutex_internal_t* mutex,
uint16_t shared,
uint16_t old_state,
bool use_realtime_clock,
const timespec* abs_timeout) {
// __futex_wait always waits on a 32-bit value. But state is 16-bit. For a normal mutex, the owner_tid
// field in mutex is not used. On 64-bit devices, the __pad field in mutex is not used.
// But when a recursive or errorcheck mutex is used on 32-bit devices, we need to add the
// owner_tid value in the value argument for __futex_wait, otherwise we may always get EAGAIN error.
#if defined(__LP64__)
return __futex_wait_ex(&mutex->state, shared, old_state, use_realtime_clock, abs_timeout);
#else
// This implementation works only when the layout of pthread_mutex_internal_t matches below expectation.
// And it is based on the assumption that Android is always in little-endian devices.
static_assert(offsetof(pthread_mutex_internal_t, state) == 0, "");
static_assert(offsetof(pthread_mutex_internal_t, owner_tid) == 2, "");
uint32_t owner_tid = atomic_load_explicit(&mutex->owner_tid, memory_order_relaxed);
return __futex_wait_ex(&mutex->state, shared, (owner_tid << 16) | old_state,
use_realtime_clock, abs_timeout);
#endif
}
// Lock a Non-PI mutex.
static int MutexLockWithTimeout(pthread_mutex_internal_t* mutex, bool use_realtime_clock,
const timespec* abs_timeout_or_null) {
uint16_t old_state = atomic_load_explicit(&mutex->state, memory_order_relaxed);
uint16_t mtype = (old_state & MUTEX_TYPE_MASK);
uint16_t shared = (old_state & MUTEX_SHARED_MASK);
// Handle common case first.
if ( __predict_true(mtype == MUTEX_TYPE_BITS_NORMAL) ) {
return NormalMutexLock(mutex, shared, use_realtime_clock, abs_timeout_or_null);
}
// Do we already own this recursive or error-check mutex?
pid_t tid = __get_thread()->tid;
if (tid == atomic_load_explicit(&mutex->owner_tid, memory_order_relaxed)) {
if (mtype == MUTEX_TYPE_BITS_ERRORCHECK) {
return EDEADLK;
}
return RecursiveIncrement(mutex, old_state);
}
const uint16_t unlocked = mtype | shared | MUTEX_STATE_BITS_UNLOCKED;
const uint16_t locked_uncontended = mtype | shared | MUTEX_STATE_BITS_LOCKED_UNCONTENDED;
const uint16_t locked_contended = mtype | shared | MUTEX_STATE_BITS_LOCKED_CONTENDED;
// First, if the mutex is unlocked, try to quickly acquire it.
// In the optimistic case where this works, set the state to locked_uncontended.
if (old_state == unlocked) {
// If exchanged successfully, an acquire fence is required to make
// all memory accesses made by other threads visible to the current CPU.
if (__predict_true(atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(&mutex->state, &old_state,
locked_uncontended, memory_order_acquire, memory_order_relaxed))) {
atomic_store_explicit(&mutex->owner_tid, tid, memory_order_relaxed);
return 0;
}
}
ScopedTrace trace("Contending for pthread mutex");
while (true) {
if (old_state == unlocked) {
// NOTE: We put the state to locked_contended since we _know_ there
// is contention when we are in this loop. This ensures all waiters
// will be unlocked.
// If exchanged successfully, an acquire fence is required to make
// all memory accesses made by other threads visible to the current CPU.
if (__predict_true(atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit(&mutex->state,
&old_state, locked_contended,
memory_order_acquire,
memory_order_relaxed))) {
atomic_store_explicit(&mutex->owner_tid, tid, memory_order_relaxed);
return 0;
}
continue;
} else if (MUTEX_STATE_BITS_IS_LOCKED_UNCONTENDED(old_state)) {
// We should set it to locked_contended beforing going to sleep. This can make
// sure waiters will be woken up eventually.
int new_state = MUTEX_STATE_BITS_FLIP_CONTENTION(old_state);
if (__predict_false(!atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit(&mutex->state,
&old_state, new_state,
memory_order_relaxed,
memory_order_relaxed))) {
continue;
}
old_state = new_state;
}
int result = check_timespec(abs_timeout_or_null, true);
if (result != 0) {
return result;
}
// We are in locked_contended state, sleep until someone wakes us up.
if (RecursiveOrErrorcheckMutexWait(mutex, shared, old_state, use_realtime_clock,
abs_timeout_or_null) == -ETIMEDOUT) {
return ETIMEDOUT;
}
old_state = atomic_load_explicit(&mutex->state, memory_order_relaxed);
}
}
} // namespace NonPI
static inline __always_inline bool IsMutexDestroyed(uint16_t mutex_state) {
return mutex_state == 0xffff;
}
// Inlining this function in pthread_mutex_lock() adds the cost of stack frame instructions on
// ARM64. So make it noinline.
static int __attribute__((noinline)) HandleUsingDestroyedMutex(pthread_mutex_t* mutex,
const char* function_name) {
if (android_get_application_target_sdk_version() >= 28) {
__fortify_fatal("%s called on a destroyed mutex (%p)", function_name, mutex);
}
return EBUSY;
}
int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t* mutex_interface) {
#if !defined(__LP64__)
// Some apps depend on being able to pass NULL as a mutex and get EINVAL
// back. Don't need to worry about it for LP64 since the ABI is brand new,
// but keep compatibility for LP32. http://b/19995172.
if (mutex_interface == nullptr) {
return EINVAL;
}
#endif
pthread_mutex_internal_t* mutex = __get_internal_mutex(mutex_interface);
uint16_t old_state = atomic_load_explicit(&mutex->state, memory_order_relaxed);
uint16_t mtype = (old_state & MUTEX_TYPE_MASK);
// Avoid slowing down fast path of normal mutex lock operation.
if (__predict_true(mtype == MUTEX_TYPE_BITS_NORMAL)) {
uint16_t shared = (old_state & MUTEX_SHARED_MASK);
if (__predict_true(NonPI::NormalMutexTryLock(mutex, shared) == 0)) {
return 0;
}
}
if (old_state == PI_MUTEX_STATE) {
PIMutex& m = mutex->ToPIMutex();
// Handle common case first.
if (__predict_true(PIMutexTryLock(m) == 0)) {
return 0;
}
return PIMutexTimedLock(mutex->ToPIMutex(), false, nullptr);
}
if (__predict_false(IsMutexDestroyed(old_state))) {
return HandleUsingDestroyedMutex(mutex_interface, __FUNCTION__);
}
return NonPI::MutexLockWithTimeout(mutex, false, nullptr);
}
int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t* mutex_interface) {
#if !defined(__LP64__)
// Some apps depend on being able to pass NULL as a mutex and get EINVAL
// back. Don't need to worry about it for LP64 since the ABI is brand new,
// but keep compatibility for LP32. http://b/19995172.
if (mutex_interface == nullptr) {
return EINVAL;
}
#endif
pthread_mutex_internal_t* mutex = __get_internal_mutex(mutex_interface);
uint16_t old_state = atomic_load_explicit(&mutex->state, memory_order_relaxed);
uint16_t mtype = (old_state & MUTEX_TYPE_MASK);
uint16_t shared = (old_state & MUTEX_SHARED_MASK);
// Handle common case first.
if (__predict_true(mtype == MUTEX_TYPE_BITS_NORMAL)) {
NonPI::NormalMutexUnlock(mutex, shared);
return 0;
}
if (old_state == PI_MUTEX_STATE) {
return PIMutexUnlock(mutex->ToPIMutex());
}
if (__predict_false(IsMutexDestroyed(old_state))) {
return HandleUsingDestroyedMutex(mutex_interface, __FUNCTION__);
}
// Do we already own this recursive or error-check mutex?
pid_t tid = __get_thread()->tid;
if ( tid != atomic_load_explicit(&mutex->owner_tid, memory_order_relaxed) ) {
return EPERM;
}
// If the counter is > 0, we can simply decrement it atomically.
// Since other threads can mutate the lower state bits (and only the
// lower state bits), use a compare_exchange loop to do it.
if (!MUTEX_COUNTER_BITS_IS_ZERO(old_state)) {
// We still own the mutex, so a release fence is not needed.
atomic_fetch_sub_explicit(&mutex->state, MUTEX_COUNTER_BITS_ONE, memory_order_relaxed);
return 0;
}
// The counter is 0, so we'are going to unlock the mutex by resetting its
// state to unlocked, we need to perform a atomic_exchange inorder to read
// the current state, which will be locked_contended if there may have waiters
// to awake.
// A release fence is required to make previous stores visible to next
// lock owner threads.
atomic_store_explicit(&mutex->owner_tid, 0, memory_order_relaxed);
const uint16_t unlocked = mtype | shared | MUTEX_STATE_BITS_UNLOCKED;
old_state = atomic_exchange_explicit(&mutex->state, unlocked, memory_order_release);
if (MUTEX_STATE_BITS_IS_LOCKED_CONTENDED(old_state)) {
__futex_wake_ex(&mutex->state, shared, 1);
}
return 0;
}
int pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t* mutex_interface) {
pthread_mutex_internal_t* mutex = __get_internal_mutex(mutex_interface);
uint16_t old_state = atomic_load_explicit(&mutex->state, memory_order_relaxed);
uint16_t mtype = (old_state & MUTEX_TYPE_MASK);
// Handle common case first.
if (__predict_true(mtype == MUTEX_TYPE_BITS_NORMAL)) {
uint16_t shared = (old_state & MUTEX_SHARED_MASK);
return NonPI::NormalMutexTryLock(mutex, shared);
}
if (old_state == PI_MUTEX_STATE) {
return PIMutexTryLock(mutex->ToPIMutex());
}
if (__predict_false(IsMutexDestroyed(old_state))) {
return HandleUsingDestroyedMutex(mutex_interface, __FUNCTION__);
}
// Do we already own this recursive or error-check mutex?
pid_t tid = __get_thread()->tid;
if (tid == atomic_load_explicit(&mutex->owner_tid, memory_order_relaxed)) {
if (mtype == MUTEX_TYPE_BITS_ERRORCHECK) {
return EBUSY;
}
return NonPI::RecursiveIncrement(mutex, old_state);
}
uint16_t shared = (old_state & MUTEX_SHARED_MASK);
const uint16_t unlocked = mtype | shared | MUTEX_STATE_BITS_UNLOCKED;
const uint16_t locked_uncontended = mtype | shared | MUTEX_STATE_BITS_LOCKED_UNCONTENDED;
// Same as pthread_mutex_lock, except that we don't want to wait, and
// the only operation that can succeed is a single compare_exchange to acquire the
// lock if it is released / not owned by anyone. No need for a complex loop.
// If exchanged successfully, an acquire fence is required to make
// all memory accesses made by other threads visible to the current CPU.
old_state = unlocked;
if (__predict_true(atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(&mutex->state, &old_state,
locked_uncontended,
memory_order_acquire,
memory_order_relaxed))) {
atomic_store_explicit(&mutex->owner_tid, tid, memory_order_relaxed);
return 0;
}
return EBUSY;
}
#if !defined(__LP64__)
// This exists only for backward binary compatibility on 32 bit platforms.
// (This function never existed for LP64.)
extern "C" int pthread_mutex_lock_timeout_np(pthread_mutex_t* mutex_interface, unsigned ms) {
timespec ts;
timespec_from_ms(ts, ms);
timespec abs_timeout;
absolute_timespec_from_timespec(abs_timeout, ts, CLOCK_MONOTONIC);
int error = NonPI::MutexLockWithTimeout(__get_internal_mutex(mutex_interface), false,
&abs_timeout);
if (error == ETIMEDOUT) {
error = EBUSY;
}
return error;
}
#endif
static int __pthread_mutex_timedlock(pthread_mutex_t* mutex_interface, bool use_realtime_clock,
const timespec* abs_timeout, const char* function) {
pthread_mutex_internal_t* mutex = __get_internal_mutex(mutex_interface);
uint16_t old_state = atomic_load_explicit(&mutex->state, memory_order_relaxed);
uint16_t mtype = (old_state & MUTEX_TYPE_MASK);
// Handle common case first.
if (__predict_true(mtype == MUTEX_TYPE_BITS_NORMAL)) {
uint16_t shared = (old_state & MUTEX_SHARED_MASK);
if (__predict_true(NonPI::NormalMutexTryLock(mutex, shared) == 0)) {
return 0;
}
}
if (old_state == PI_MUTEX_STATE) {
return PIMutexTimedLock(mutex->ToPIMutex(), use_realtime_clock, abs_timeout);
}
if (__predict_false(IsMutexDestroyed(old_state))) {
return HandleUsingDestroyedMutex(mutex_interface, function);
}
return NonPI::MutexLockWithTimeout(mutex, use_realtime_clock, abs_timeout);
}
int pthread_mutex_timedlock(pthread_mutex_t* mutex_interface, const struct timespec* abs_timeout) {
return __pthread_mutex_timedlock(mutex_interface, true, abs_timeout, __FUNCTION__);
}
int pthread_mutex_timedlock_monotonic_np(pthread_mutex_t* mutex_interface,
const struct timespec* abs_timeout) {
return __pthread_mutex_timedlock(mutex_interface, false, abs_timeout, __FUNCTION__);
}
int pthread_mutex_clocklock(pthread_mutex_t* mutex_interface, clockid_t clock,
const struct timespec* abs_timeout) {
switch (clock) {
case CLOCK_MONOTONIC:
return __pthread_mutex_timedlock(mutex_interface, false, abs_timeout, __FUNCTION__);
case CLOCK_REALTIME:
return __pthread_mutex_timedlock(mutex_interface, true, abs_timeout, __FUNCTION__);
default: {
pthread_mutex_internal_t* mutex = __get_internal_mutex(mutex_interface);
uint16_t old_state = atomic_load_explicit(&mutex->state, memory_order_relaxed);
if (IsMutexDestroyed(old_state)) {
return HandleUsingDestroyedMutex(mutex_interface, __FUNCTION__);
}
return EINVAL;
}
}
}
int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t* mutex_interface) {
pthread_mutex_internal_t* mutex = __get_internal_mutex(mutex_interface);
uint16_t old_state = atomic_load_explicit(&mutex->state, memory_order_relaxed);
if (__predict_false(IsMutexDestroyed(old_state))) {
return HandleUsingDestroyedMutex(mutex_interface, __FUNCTION__);
}
if (old_state == PI_MUTEX_STATE) {
int result = PIMutexDestroy(mutex->ToPIMutex());
if (result == 0) {
mutex->FreePIMutex();
atomic_store(&mutex->state, 0xffff);
}
return result;
}
// Store 0xffff to make the mutex unusable. Although POSIX standard says it is undefined
// behavior to destroy a locked mutex, we prefer not to change mutex->state in that situation.
if (MUTEX_STATE_BITS_IS_UNLOCKED(old_state) &&
atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(&mutex->state, &old_state, 0xffff,
memory_order_relaxed, memory_order_relaxed)) {
return 0;
}
return EBUSY;
}
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