platform_build_soong/dexpreopt/dexpreopt.go
Ulya Trafimovich 9790f1058b Fix null pointer dereference in Soong on dexpreopt arc-services.
The null pointer dereference was caused by trying to get device name
from a config passed to dexpreopt. For Make modules, the config is a
stub that doesn't have a device name. The fix is to use build directory
instead of device name (it is provided both by the full config passed
to Soong modules and by the stub config passed to Make modules).

Test: walleye-userdebug boots.
Test: aosp_bertha_arm-userdebug builds and generates arc-services.odex.

Bug: 152193534
Change-Id: I7adc173646cae6eaee188c6672629a5a942aea06
2020-03-23 14:35:58 +00:00

604 lines
23 KiB
Go

// Copyright 2018 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// The dexpreopt package converts a global dexpreopt config and a module dexpreopt config into rules to perform
// dexpreopting.
//
// It is used in two places; in the dexpeopt_gen binary for modules defined in Make, and directly linked into Soong.
//
// For Make modules it is built into the dexpreopt_gen binary, which is executed as a Make rule using global config and
// module config specified in JSON files. The binary writes out two shell scripts, only updating them if they have
// changed. One script takes an APK or JAR as an input and produces a zip file containing any outputs of preopting,
// in the location they should be on the device. The Make build rules will unzip the zip file into $(PRODUCT_OUT) when
// installing the APK, which will install the preopt outputs into $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system or $(PRODUCT_OUT)/system_other
// as necessary. The zip file may be empty if preopting was disabled for any reason.
//
// The intermediate shell scripts allow changes to this package or to the global config to regenerate the shell scripts
// but only require re-executing preopting if the script has changed.
//
// For Soong modules this package is linked directly into Soong and run from the java package. It generates the same
// commands as for make, using athe same global config JSON file used by make, but using a module config structure
// provided by Soong. The generated commands are then converted into Soong rule and written directly to the ninja file,
// with no extra shell scripts involved.
package dexpreopt
import (
"fmt"
"path/filepath"
"runtime"
"strings"
"android/soong/android"
"github.com/google/blueprint/pathtools"
)
const SystemPartition = "/system/"
const SystemOtherPartition = "/system_other/"
// GenerateDexpreoptRule generates a set of commands that will preopt a module based on a GlobalConfig and a
// ModuleConfig. The produced files and their install locations will be available through rule.Installs().
func GenerateDexpreoptRule(ctx android.PathContext, globalSoong *GlobalSoongConfig,
global *GlobalConfig, module *ModuleConfig) (rule *android.RuleBuilder, err error) {
defer func() {
if r := recover(); r != nil {
if _, ok := r.(runtime.Error); ok {
panic(r)
} else if e, ok := r.(error); ok {
err = e
rule = nil
} else {
panic(r)
}
}
}()
rule = android.NewRuleBuilder()
generateProfile := module.ProfileClassListing.Valid() && !global.DisableGenerateProfile
generateBootProfile := module.ProfileBootListing.Valid() && !global.DisableGenerateProfile
var profile android.WritablePath
if generateProfile {
profile = profileCommand(ctx, globalSoong, global, module, rule)
}
if generateBootProfile {
bootProfileCommand(ctx, globalSoong, global, module, rule)
}
if !dexpreoptDisabled(ctx, global, module) {
// Don't preopt individual boot jars, they will be preopted together.
if !contains(global.BootJars, module.Name) {
appImage := (generateProfile || module.ForceCreateAppImage || global.DefaultAppImages) &&
!module.NoCreateAppImage
generateDM := shouldGenerateDM(module, global)
for archIdx, _ := range module.Archs {
dexpreoptCommand(ctx, globalSoong, global, module, rule, archIdx, profile, appImage, generateDM)
}
}
}
return rule, nil
}
func dexpreoptDisabled(ctx android.PathContext, global *GlobalConfig, module *ModuleConfig) bool {
if contains(global.DisablePreoptModules, module.Name) {
return true
}
// Don't preopt system server jars that are updatable.
for _, p := range global.UpdatableSystemServerJars {
if _, jar := android.SplitApexJarPair(p); jar == module.Name {
return true
}
}
// If OnlyPreoptBootImageAndSystemServer=true and module is not in boot class path skip
// Also preopt system server jars since selinux prevents system server from loading anything from
// /data. If we don't do this they will need to be extracted which is not favorable for RAM usage
// or performance. If PreoptExtractedApk is true, we ignore the only preopt boot image options.
if global.OnlyPreoptBootImageAndSystemServer && !contains(global.BootJars, module.Name) &&
!contains(global.SystemServerJars, module.Name) && !module.PreoptExtractedApk {
return true
}
return false
}
func profileCommand(ctx android.PathContext, globalSoong *GlobalSoongConfig, global *GlobalConfig,
module *ModuleConfig, rule *android.RuleBuilder) android.WritablePath {
profilePath := module.BuildPath.InSameDir(ctx, "profile.prof")
profileInstalledPath := module.DexLocation + ".prof"
if !module.ProfileIsTextListing {
rule.Command().FlagWithOutput("touch ", profilePath)
}
cmd := rule.Command().
Text(`ANDROID_LOG_TAGS="*:e"`).
Tool(globalSoong.Profman)
if module.ProfileIsTextListing {
// The profile is a test listing of classes (used for framework jars).
// We need to generate the actual binary profile before being able to compile.
cmd.FlagWithInput("--create-profile-from=", module.ProfileClassListing.Path())
} else {
// The profile is binary profile (used for apps). Run it through profman to
// ensure the profile keys match the apk.
cmd.
Flag("--copy-and-update-profile-key").
FlagWithInput("--profile-file=", module.ProfileClassListing.Path())
}
cmd.
FlagWithInput("--apk=", module.DexPath).
Flag("--dex-location="+module.DexLocation).
FlagWithOutput("--reference-profile-file=", profilePath)
if !module.ProfileIsTextListing {
cmd.Text(fmt.Sprintf(`|| echo "Profile out of date for %s"`, module.DexPath))
}
rule.Install(profilePath, profileInstalledPath)
return profilePath
}
func bootProfileCommand(ctx android.PathContext, globalSoong *GlobalSoongConfig, global *GlobalConfig,
module *ModuleConfig, rule *android.RuleBuilder) android.WritablePath {
profilePath := module.BuildPath.InSameDir(ctx, "profile.bprof")
profileInstalledPath := module.DexLocation + ".bprof"
if !module.ProfileIsTextListing {
rule.Command().FlagWithOutput("touch ", profilePath)
}
cmd := rule.Command().
Text(`ANDROID_LOG_TAGS="*:e"`).
Tool(globalSoong.Profman)
// The profile is a test listing of methods.
// We need to generate the actual binary profile.
cmd.FlagWithInput("--create-profile-from=", module.ProfileBootListing.Path())
cmd.
Flag("--generate-boot-profile").
FlagWithInput("--apk=", module.DexPath).
Flag("--dex-location="+module.DexLocation).
FlagWithOutput("--reference-profile-file=", profilePath)
if !module.ProfileIsTextListing {
cmd.Text(fmt.Sprintf(`|| echo "Profile out of date for %s"`, module.DexPath))
}
rule.Install(profilePath, profileInstalledPath)
return profilePath
}
func dexpreoptCommand(ctx android.PathContext, globalSoong *GlobalSoongConfig, global *GlobalConfig,
module *ModuleConfig, rule *android.RuleBuilder, archIdx int, profile android.WritablePath,
appImage bool, generateDM bool) {
arch := module.Archs[archIdx]
// HACK: make soname in Soong-generated .odex files match Make.
base := filepath.Base(module.DexLocation)
if filepath.Ext(base) == ".jar" {
base = "javalib.jar"
} else if filepath.Ext(base) == ".apk" {
base = "package.apk"
}
toOdexPath := func(path string) string {
return filepath.Join(
filepath.Dir(path),
"oat",
arch.String(),
pathtools.ReplaceExtension(filepath.Base(path), "odex"))
}
odexPath := module.BuildPath.InSameDir(ctx, "oat", arch.String(), pathtools.ReplaceExtension(base, "odex"))
odexInstallPath := toOdexPath(module.DexLocation)
if odexOnSystemOther(module, global) {
odexInstallPath = filepath.Join(SystemOtherPartition, odexInstallPath)
}
vdexPath := odexPath.ReplaceExtension(ctx, "vdex")
vdexInstallPath := pathtools.ReplaceExtension(odexInstallPath, "vdex")
invocationPath := odexPath.ReplaceExtension(ctx, "invocation")
systemServerJars := NonUpdatableSystemServerJars(ctx, global)
// The class loader context using paths in the build
var classLoaderContextHost android.Paths
// The class loader context using paths as they will be on the device
var classLoaderContextTarget []string
// Extra paths that will be appended to the class loader if the APK manifest has targetSdkVersion < 28
var conditionalClassLoaderContextHost28 android.Paths
var conditionalClassLoaderContextTarget28 []string
// Extra paths that will be appended to the class loader if the APK manifest has targetSdkVersion < 29
var conditionalClassLoaderContextHost29 android.Paths
var conditionalClassLoaderContextTarget29 []string
// A flag indicating if the '&' class loader context is used.
unknownClassLoaderContext := false
if module.EnforceUsesLibraries {
usesLibs := append(copyOf(module.UsesLibraries), module.PresentOptionalUsesLibraries...)
// Create class loader context for dex2oat from uses libraries and filtered optional libraries
for _, l := range usesLibs {
classLoaderContextHost = append(classLoaderContextHost,
pathForLibrary(module, l))
classLoaderContextTarget = append(classLoaderContextTarget,
filepath.Join("/system/framework", l+".jar"))
}
const httpLegacy = "org.apache.http.legacy"
const httpLegacyImpl = "org.apache.http.legacy.impl"
// org.apache.http.legacy contains classes that were in the default classpath until API 28. If the
// targetSdkVersion in the manifest or APK is < 28, and the module does not explicitly depend on
// org.apache.http.legacy, then implicitly add the classes to the classpath for dexpreopt. One the
// device the classes will be in a file called org.apache.http.legacy.impl.jar.
module.LibraryPaths[httpLegacyImpl] = module.LibraryPaths[httpLegacy]
if !contains(module.UsesLibraries, httpLegacy) && !contains(module.PresentOptionalUsesLibraries, httpLegacy) {
conditionalClassLoaderContextHost28 = append(conditionalClassLoaderContextHost28,
pathForLibrary(module, httpLegacyImpl))
conditionalClassLoaderContextTarget28 = append(conditionalClassLoaderContextTarget28,
filepath.Join("/system/framework", httpLegacyImpl+".jar"))
}
const hidlBase = "android.hidl.base-V1.0-java"
const hidlManager = "android.hidl.manager-V1.0-java"
// android.hidl.base-V1.0-java and android.hidl.manager-V1.0 contain classes that were in the default
// classpath until API 29. If the targetSdkVersion in the manifest or APK is < 29 then implicitly add
// the classes to the classpath for dexpreopt.
conditionalClassLoaderContextHost29 = append(conditionalClassLoaderContextHost29,
pathForLibrary(module, hidlManager))
conditionalClassLoaderContextTarget29 = append(conditionalClassLoaderContextTarget29,
filepath.Join("/system/framework", hidlManager+".jar"))
conditionalClassLoaderContextHost29 = append(conditionalClassLoaderContextHost29,
pathForLibrary(module, hidlBase))
conditionalClassLoaderContextTarget29 = append(conditionalClassLoaderContextTarget29,
filepath.Join("/system/framework", hidlBase+".jar"))
} else if jarIndex := android.IndexList(module.Name, systemServerJars); jarIndex >= 0 {
// System server jars should be dexpreopted together: class loader context of each jar
// should include all preceding jars on the system server classpath.
for _, otherJar := range systemServerJars[:jarIndex] {
classLoaderContextHost = append(classLoaderContextHost, SystemServerDexJarHostPath(ctx, otherJar))
classLoaderContextTarget = append(classLoaderContextTarget, "/system/framework/"+otherJar+".jar")
}
// Copy the system server jar to a predefined location where dex2oat will find it.
dexPathHost := SystemServerDexJarHostPath(ctx, module.Name)
rule.Command().Text("mkdir -p").Flag(filepath.Dir(dexPathHost.String()))
rule.Command().Text("cp -f").Input(module.DexPath).Output(dexPathHost)
} else {
// Pass special class loader context to skip the classpath and collision check.
// This will get removed once LOCAL_USES_LIBRARIES is enforced.
// Right now LOCAL_USES_LIBRARIES is opt in, for the case where it's not specified we still default
// to the &.
unknownClassLoaderContext = true
}
rule.Command().FlagWithArg("mkdir -p ", filepath.Dir(odexPath.String()))
rule.Command().FlagWithOutput("rm -f ", odexPath)
// Set values in the environment of the rule. These may be modified by construct_context.sh.
if unknownClassLoaderContext {
rule.Command().
Text(`class_loader_context_arg=--class-loader-context=\&`).
Text(`stored_class_loader_context_arg=""`)
} else {
rule.Command().
Text("class_loader_context_arg=--class-loader-context=PCL[" + strings.Join(classLoaderContextHost.Strings(), ":") + "]").
Implicits(classLoaderContextHost).
Text("stored_class_loader_context_arg=--stored-class-loader-context=PCL[" + strings.Join(classLoaderContextTarget, ":") + "]")
}
if module.EnforceUsesLibraries {
if module.ManifestPath != nil {
rule.Command().Text(`target_sdk_version="$(`).
Tool(globalSoong.ManifestCheck).
Flag("--extract-target-sdk-version").
Input(module.ManifestPath).
Text(`)"`)
} else {
// No manifest to extract targetSdkVersion from, hope that DexJar is an APK
rule.Command().Text(`target_sdk_version="$(`).
Tool(globalSoong.Aapt).
Flag("dump badging").
Input(module.DexPath).
Text(`| grep "targetSdkVersion" | sed -n "s/targetSdkVersion:'\(.*\)'/\1/p"`).
Text(`)"`)
}
rule.Command().Textf(`dex_preopt_host_libraries="%s"`,
strings.Join(classLoaderContextHost.Strings(), " ")).
Implicits(classLoaderContextHost)
rule.Command().Textf(`dex_preopt_target_libraries="%s"`,
strings.Join(classLoaderContextTarget, " "))
rule.Command().Textf(`conditional_host_libs_28="%s"`,
strings.Join(conditionalClassLoaderContextHost28.Strings(), " ")).
Implicits(conditionalClassLoaderContextHost28)
rule.Command().Textf(`conditional_target_libs_28="%s"`,
strings.Join(conditionalClassLoaderContextTarget28, " "))
rule.Command().Textf(`conditional_host_libs_29="%s"`,
strings.Join(conditionalClassLoaderContextHost29.Strings(), " ")).
Implicits(conditionalClassLoaderContextHost29)
rule.Command().Textf(`conditional_target_libs_29="%s"`,
strings.Join(conditionalClassLoaderContextTarget29, " "))
rule.Command().Text("source").Tool(globalSoong.ConstructContext).Input(module.DexPath)
}
// Devices that do not have a product partition use a symlink from /product to /system/product.
// Because on-device dexopt will see dex locations starting with /product, we change the paths
// to mimic this behavior.
dexLocationArg := module.DexLocation
if strings.HasPrefix(dexLocationArg, "/system/product/") {
dexLocationArg = strings.TrimPrefix(dexLocationArg, "/system")
}
cmd := rule.Command().
Text(`ANDROID_LOG_TAGS="*:e"`).
Tool(globalSoong.Dex2oat).
Flag("--avoid-storing-invocation").
FlagWithOutput("--write-invocation-to=", invocationPath).ImplicitOutput(invocationPath).
Flag("--runtime-arg").FlagWithArg("-Xms", global.Dex2oatXms).
Flag("--runtime-arg").FlagWithArg("-Xmx", global.Dex2oatXmx).
Flag("--runtime-arg").FlagWithInputList("-Xbootclasspath:", module.PreoptBootClassPathDexFiles, ":").
Flag("--runtime-arg").FlagWithList("-Xbootclasspath-locations:", module.PreoptBootClassPathDexLocations, ":").
Flag("${class_loader_context_arg}").
Flag("${stored_class_loader_context_arg}").
FlagWithArg("--boot-image=", strings.Join(module.DexPreoptImageLocations, ":")).Implicits(module.DexPreoptImagesDeps[archIdx].Paths()).
FlagWithInput("--dex-file=", module.DexPath).
FlagWithArg("--dex-location=", dexLocationArg).
FlagWithOutput("--oat-file=", odexPath).ImplicitOutput(vdexPath).
// Pass an empty directory, dex2oat shouldn't be reading arbitrary files
FlagWithArg("--android-root=", global.EmptyDirectory).
FlagWithArg("--instruction-set=", arch.String()).
FlagWithArg("--instruction-set-variant=", global.CpuVariant[arch]).
FlagWithArg("--instruction-set-features=", global.InstructionSetFeatures[arch]).
Flag("--no-generate-debug-info").
Flag("--generate-build-id").
Flag("--abort-on-hard-verifier-error").
Flag("--force-determinism").
FlagWithArg("--no-inline-from=", "core-oj.jar")
var preoptFlags []string
if len(module.PreoptFlags) > 0 {
preoptFlags = module.PreoptFlags
} else if len(global.PreoptFlags) > 0 {
preoptFlags = global.PreoptFlags
}
if len(preoptFlags) > 0 {
cmd.Text(strings.Join(preoptFlags, " "))
}
if module.UncompressedDex {
cmd.FlagWithArg("--copy-dex-files=", "false")
}
if !android.PrefixInList(preoptFlags, "--compiler-filter=") {
var compilerFilter string
if contains(global.SystemServerJars, module.Name) {
// Jars of system server, use the product option if it is set, speed otherwise.
if global.SystemServerCompilerFilter != "" {
compilerFilter = global.SystemServerCompilerFilter
} else {
compilerFilter = "speed"
}
} else if contains(global.SpeedApps, module.Name) || contains(global.SystemServerApps, module.Name) {
// Apps loaded into system server, and apps the product default to being compiled with the
// 'speed' compiler filter.
compilerFilter = "speed"
} else if profile != nil {
// For non system server jars, use speed-profile when we have a profile.
compilerFilter = "speed-profile"
} else if global.DefaultCompilerFilter != "" {
compilerFilter = global.DefaultCompilerFilter
} else {
compilerFilter = "quicken"
}
cmd.FlagWithArg("--compiler-filter=", compilerFilter)
}
if generateDM {
cmd.FlagWithArg("--copy-dex-files=", "false")
dmPath := module.BuildPath.InSameDir(ctx, "generated.dm")
dmInstalledPath := pathtools.ReplaceExtension(module.DexLocation, "dm")
tmpPath := module.BuildPath.InSameDir(ctx, "primary.vdex")
rule.Command().Text("cp -f").Input(vdexPath).Output(tmpPath)
rule.Command().Tool(globalSoong.SoongZip).
FlagWithArg("-L", "9").
FlagWithOutput("-o", dmPath).
Flag("-j").
Input(tmpPath)
rule.Install(dmPath, dmInstalledPath)
}
// By default, emit debug info.
debugInfo := true
if global.NoDebugInfo {
// If the global setting suppresses mini-debug-info, disable it.
debugInfo = false
}
// PRODUCT_SYSTEM_SERVER_DEBUG_INFO overrides WITH_DEXPREOPT_DEBUG_INFO.
// PRODUCT_OTHER_JAVA_DEBUG_INFO overrides WITH_DEXPREOPT_DEBUG_INFO.
if contains(global.SystemServerJars, module.Name) {
if global.AlwaysSystemServerDebugInfo {
debugInfo = true
} else if global.NeverSystemServerDebugInfo {
debugInfo = false
}
} else {
if global.AlwaysOtherDebugInfo {
debugInfo = true
} else if global.NeverOtherDebugInfo {
debugInfo = false
}
}
// Never enable on eng.
if global.IsEng {
debugInfo = false
}
if debugInfo {
cmd.Flag("--generate-mini-debug-info")
} else {
cmd.Flag("--no-generate-mini-debug-info")
}
// Set the compiler reason to 'prebuilt' to identify the oat files produced
// during the build, as opposed to compiled on the device.
cmd.FlagWithArg("--compilation-reason=", "prebuilt")
if appImage {
appImagePath := odexPath.ReplaceExtension(ctx, "art")
appImageInstallPath := pathtools.ReplaceExtension(odexInstallPath, "art")
cmd.FlagWithOutput("--app-image-file=", appImagePath).
FlagWithArg("--image-format=", "lz4")
if !global.DontResolveStartupStrings {
cmd.FlagWithArg("--resolve-startup-const-strings=", "true")
}
rule.Install(appImagePath, appImageInstallPath)
}
if profile != nil {
cmd.FlagWithInput("--profile-file=", profile)
}
rule.Install(odexPath, odexInstallPath)
rule.Install(vdexPath, vdexInstallPath)
}
func shouldGenerateDM(module *ModuleConfig, global *GlobalConfig) bool {
// Generating DM files only makes sense for verify, avoid doing for non verify compiler filter APKs.
// No reason to use a dm file if the dex is already uncompressed.
return global.GenerateDMFiles && !module.UncompressedDex &&
contains(module.PreoptFlags, "--compiler-filter=verify")
}
func OdexOnSystemOtherByName(name string, dexLocation string, global *GlobalConfig) bool {
if !global.HasSystemOther {
return false
}
if global.SanitizeLite {
return false
}
if contains(global.SpeedApps, name) || contains(global.SystemServerApps, name) {
return false
}
for _, f := range global.PatternsOnSystemOther {
if makefileMatch(filepath.Join(SystemPartition, f), dexLocation) {
return true
}
}
return false
}
func odexOnSystemOther(module *ModuleConfig, global *GlobalConfig) bool {
return OdexOnSystemOtherByName(module.Name, module.DexLocation, global)
}
// PathToLocation converts .../system/framework/arm64/boot.art to .../system/framework/boot.art
func PathToLocation(path android.Path, arch android.ArchType) string {
pathArch := filepath.Base(filepath.Dir(path.String()))
if pathArch != arch.String() {
panic(fmt.Errorf("last directory in %q must be %q", path, arch.String()))
}
return filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(filepath.Dir(path.String())), filepath.Base(path.String()))
}
func pathForLibrary(module *ModuleConfig, lib string) android.Path {
path, ok := module.LibraryPaths[lib]
if !ok {
panic(fmt.Errorf("unknown library path for %q", lib))
}
return path
}
func makefileMatch(pattern, s string) bool {
percent := strings.IndexByte(pattern, '%')
switch percent {
case -1:
return pattern == s
case len(pattern) - 1:
return strings.HasPrefix(s, pattern[:len(pattern)-1])
default:
panic(fmt.Errorf("unsupported makefile pattern %q", pattern))
}
}
// Expected format for apexJarValue = <apex name>:<jar name>
func GetJarLocationFromApexJarPair(apexJarValue string) string {
apex, jar := android.SplitApexJarPair(apexJarValue)
return filepath.Join("/apex", apex, "javalib", jar+".jar")
}
func GetJarsFromApexJarPairs(apexJarPairs []string) []string {
modules := make([]string, len(apexJarPairs))
for i, p := range apexJarPairs {
_, jar := android.SplitApexJarPair(p)
modules[i] = jar
}
return modules
}
var nonUpdatableSystemServerJarsKey = android.NewOnceKey("nonUpdatableSystemServerJars")
// TODO: eliminate the superficial global config parameter by moving global config definition
// from java subpackage to dexpreopt.
func NonUpdatableSystemServerJars(ctx android.PathContext, global *GlobalConfig) []string {
return ctx.Config().Once(nonUpdatableSystemServerJarsKey, func() interface{} {
return android.RemoveListFromList(global.SystemServerJars,
GetJarsFromApexJarPairs(global.UpdatableSystemServerJars))
}).([]string)
}
// A predefined location for the system server dex jars. This is needed in order to generate
// class loader context for dex2oat, as the path to the jar in the Soong module may be unknown
// at that time (Soong processes the jars in dependency order, which may be different from the
// the system server classpath order).
func SystemServerDexJarHostPath(ctx android.PathContext, jar string) android.OutputPath {
return android.PathForOutput(ctx, ctx.Config().BuildDir(), "system_server_dexjars", jar+".jar")
}
func contains(l []string, s string) bool {
for _, e := range l {
if e == s {
return true
}
}
return false
}
var copyOf = android.CopyOf