diff --git a/bpfloader/BpfLoader.cpp b/bpfloader/BpfLoader.cpp
index 9bc6451..7a68894 100644
--- a/bpfloader/BpfLoader.cpp
+++ b/bpfloader/BpfLoader.cpp
@@ -51,10 +51,23 @@
 using android::base::EndsWith;
 using std::string;
 
-#define BPF_PROG_PATH_MAINLINE_TETHERING "/apex/com.android.tethering/etc/bpf/"
-#define BPF_PROG_PATH_SYSTEM "/system/etc/bpf/"
+struct {
+    const char* const dir;
+    const char* const prefix;
+} locations[] = {
+        // Tethering mainline module
+        {
+                .dir = "/apex/com.android.tethering/etc/bpf/",
+                .prefix = "tethering/",
+        },
+        // Core operating system
+        {
+                .dir = "/system/etc/bpf/",
+                .prefix = "",
+        },
+};
 
-int loadAllElfObjects(const char* progDir) {
+int loadAllElfObjects(const char* const progDir, const char* const prefix) {
     int retVal = 0;
     DIR* dir;
     struct dirent* ent;
@@ -68,7 +81,7 @@ int loadAllElfObjects(const char* progDir) {
             progPath += s;
 
             bool critical;
-            int ret = android::bpf::loadProg(progPath.c_str(), &critical);
+            int ret = android::bpf::loadProg(progPath.c_str(), &critical, prefix);
             if (ret) {
                 if (critical) retVal = ret;
                 ALOGE("Failed to load object: %s, ret: %s", progPath.c_str(), std::strerror(-ret));
@@ -81,11 +94,29 @@ int loadAllElfObjects(const char* progDir) {
     return retVal;
 }
 
+void createSysFsBpfSubDir(const char* const prefix) {
+    if (*prefix) {
+        mode_t prevUmask = umask(0);
+
+        string s = "/sys/fs/bpf/";
+        s += prefix;
+
+        errno = 0;
+        int ret = mkdir(s.c_str(), S_ISVTX | S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
+        if (ret && errno != EEXIST) {
+            ALOGW("Failed to create directory: %s, ret: %s", s.c_str(), std::strerror(errno));
+        }
+
+        umask(prevUmask);
+    }
+}
+
 int main() {
     // Load all ELF objects, create programs and maps, and pin them
-    for (const auto dir : {BPF_PROG_PATH_MAINLINE_TETHERING, BPF_PROG_PATH_SYSTEM}) {
-        if (loadAllElfObjects(dir) != 0) {
-            ALOGE("=== CRITICAL FAILURE LOADING BPF PROGRAMS FROM %s ===", dir);
+    for (const auto location : locations) {
+        createSysFsBpfSubDir(location.prefix);
+        if (loadAllElfObjects(location.dir, location.prefix) != 0) {
+            ALOGE("=== CRITICAL FAILURE LOADING BPF PROGRAMS FROM %s ===", location.dir);
             ALOGE("If this triggers reliably, you're probably missing kernel options or patches.");
             ALOGE("If this triggers randomly, you might be hitting some memory allocation "
                   "problems or startup script race.");
diff --git a/libbpf_android/Loader.cpp b/libbpf_android/Loader.cpp
index e61f460..05a5067 100644
--- a/libbpf_android/Loader.cpp
+++ b/libbpf_android/Loader.cpp
@@ -403,7 +403,8 @@ static int getSymNameByIdx(ifstream& elfFile, int index, string& name) {
     return getSymName(elfFile, symtab[index].st_name, name);
 }
 
-static int createMaps(const char* elfPath, ifstream& elfFile, vector<unique_fd>& mapFds) {
+static int createMaps(const char* elfPath, ifstream& elfFile, vector<unique_fd>& mapFds,
+                      const char* prefix) {
     int ret;
     vector<char> mdData;
     vector<struct bpf_map_def> md;
@@ -421,11 +422,11 @@ static int createMaps(const char* elfPath, ifstream& elfFile, vector<unique_fd>&
 
     for (int i = 0; i < (int)mapNames.size(); i++) {
         unique_fd fd;
-        // Format of pin location is /sys/fs/bpf/map_<filename>_<mapname>
+        // Format of pin location is /sys/fs/bpf/<prefix>map_<filename>_<mapname>
         string mapPinLoc;
         bool reuse = false;
 
-        mapPinLoc = string(BPF_FS_PATH) + "map_" + fname + "_" + string(mapNames[i]);
+        mapPinLoc = string(BPF_FS_PATH) + prefix + "map_" + fname + "_" + string(mapNames[i]);
         if (access(mapPinLoc.c_str(), F_OK) == 0) {
             fd.reset(bpf_obj_get(mapPinLoc.c_str()));
             ALOGD("bpf_create_map reusing map %s, ret: %d\n", mapNames[i].c_str(), fd.get());
@@ -527,7 +528,8 @@ static void applyMapRelo(ifstream& elfFile, vector<unique_fd> &mapFds, vector<co
     }
 }
 
-static int loadCodeSections(const char* elfPath, vector<codeSection>& cs, const string& license) {
+static int loadCodeSections(const char* elfPath, vector<codeSection>& cs, const string& license,
+                            const char* prefix) {
     unsigned kvers = kernelVersion();
     int ret, fd;
 
@@ -554,8 +556,10 @@ static int loadCodeSections(const char* elfPath, vector<codeSection>& cs, const
 
         bool reuse = false;
         // Format of pin location is
-        // /sys/fs/bpf/prog_<filename>_<mapname>
-        string progPinLoc = BPF_FS_PATH "prog_";
+        // /sys/fs/bpf/<prefix>prog_<filename>_<mapname>
+        string progPinLoc = BPF_FS_PATH;
+        progPinLoc += prefix;
+        progPinLoc += "prog_";
         progPinLoc += fname;
         progPinLoc += '_';
         progPinLoc += name;
@@ -609,7 +613,7 @@ static int loadCodeSections(const char* elfPath, vector<codeSection>& cs, const
     return 0;
 }
 
-int loadProg(const char* elfPath, bool* isCritical) {
+int loadProg(const char* elfPath, bool* isCritical, const char* prefix) {
     vector<char> license;
     vector<char> critical;
     vector<codeSection> cs;
@@ -644,7 +648,7 @@ int loadProg(const char* elfPath, bool* isCritical) {
     /* Just for future debugging */
     if (0) dumpAllCs(cs);
 
-    ret = createMaps(elfPath, elfFile, mapFds);
+    ret = createMaps(elfPath, elfFile, mapFds, prefix);
     if (ret) {
         ALOGE("Failed to create maps: (ret=%d) in %s\n", ret, elfPath);
         return ret;
@@ -655,7 +659,7 @@ int loadProg(const char* elfPath, bool* isCritical) {
 
     applyMapRelo(elfFile, mapFds, cs);
 
-    ret = loadCodeSections(elfPath, cs, string(license.data()));
+    ret = loadCodeSections(elfPath, cs, string(license.data()), prefix);
     if (ret) ALOGE("Failed to load programs, loadCodeSections ret=%d\n", ret);
 
     return ret;
diff --git a/libbpf_android/include/libbpf_android.h b/libbpf_android/include/libbpf_android.h
index 3810d07..a2f78b4 100644
--- a/libbpf_android/include/libbpf_android.h
+++ b/libbpf_android/include/libbpf_android.h
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace android {
 namespace bpf {
 
 // BPF loader implementation. Loads an eBPF ELF object
-int loadProg(const char* elfPath, bool* isCritical);
+int loadProg(const char* elfPath, bool* isCritical, const char* prefix = "");
 
 // Wait for bpfloader to load BPF programs.
 void waitForProgsLoaded();