diff --git a/adb/Android.mk b/adb/Android.mk
index 7cfbcb9ff..817161183 100644
--- a/adb/Android.mk
+++ b/adb/Android.mk
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ LOCAL_MODULE := adbd_test
 LOCAL_CFLAGS := -DADB_HOST=0 $(LIBADB_CFLAGS)
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LIBADB_TEST_SRCS)
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libadbd
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := liblog libbase libcutils
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := liblog libcutils libutils
 include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
 
 include $(CLEAR_VARS)
@@ -98,11 +98,12 @@ LOCAL_CLANG := $(ADB_CLANG)
 LOCAL_MODULE := adb_test
 LOCAL_CFLAGS := -DADB_HOST=1 $(LIBADB_CFLAGS)
 LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LIBADB_TEST_SRCS) services.cpp
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := liblog libbase
+LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := liblog
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := \
     libadb \
     libcrypto_static \
     libcutils \
+    libutils \
 
 ifeq ($(HOST_OS),linux)
   LOCAL_LDLIBS += -lrt -ldl -lpthread
diff --git a/adb/adb_io_test.cpp b/adb/adb_io_test.cpp
index 0c69bc94b..330d9ce5c 100644
--- a/adb/adb_io_test.cpp
+++ b/adb/adb_io_test.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include "base/file.h"
+#include "utils/file.h"
 
 class TemporaryFile {
  public:
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ TEST(io, ReadFdExactly_whole) {
   TemporaryFile tf;
   ASSERT_NE(-1, tf.fd);
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFd(expected, tf.fd)) << strerror(errno);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::WriteStringToFd(expected, tf.fd)) << strerror(errno);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(tf.fd, SEEK_SET, 0));
 
   // Test reading the whole file.
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ TEST(io, ReadFdExactly_eof) {
   TemporaryFile tf;
   ASSERT_NE(-1, tf.fd);
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFd(expected, tf.fd)) << strerror(errno);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::WriteStringToFd(expected, tf.fd)) << strerror(errno);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(tf.fd, SEEK_SET, 0));
 
   // Test that not having enough data will fail.
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ TEST(io, ReadFdExactly_partial) {
   TemporaryFile tf;
   ASSERT_NE(-1, tf.fd);
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFd(input, tf.fd)) << strerror(errno);
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::WriteStringToFd(input, tf.fd)) << strerror(errno);
   ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(tf.fd, SEEK_SET, 0));
 
   // Test reading a partial file.
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ TEST(io, WriteFdExactly_whole) {
   ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(tf.fd, SEEK_SET, 0));
 
   std::string s;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFdToString(tf.fd, &s));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::ReadFdToString(tf.fd, &s));
   EXPECT_STREQ(expected, s.c_str());
 }
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ TEST(io, WriteFdExactly_partial) {
   expected.pop_back();
 
   std::string s;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFdToString(tf.fd, &s));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::ReadFdToString(tf.fd, &s));
   EXPECT_EQ(expected, s);
 }
 
@@ -137,6 +137,6 @@ TEST(io, WriteStringFully) {
   ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(tf.fd, SEEK_SET, 0));
 
   std::string s;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFdToString(tf.fd, &s));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::ReadFdToString(tf.fd, &s));
   EXPECT_STREQ(str, s.c_str());
 }
diff --git a/base/.clang-format b/base/.clang-format
deleted file mode 100644
index 2b83a1f41..000000000
--- a/base/.clang-format
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-BasedOnStyle: Google
-AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: false
-AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: false
-
-CommentPragmas: NOLINT:.*
-DerivePointerAlignment: false
-IndentWidth: 2
-PointerAlignment: Left
-TabWidth: 2
-UseTab: Never
-PenaltyExcessCharacter: 32
diff --git a/base/Android.mk b/base/Android.mk
deleted file mode 100644
index 3b64ab0cd..000000000
--- a/base/Android.mk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-#
-# Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-#
-
-LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
-
-libbase_src_files := \
-    file.cpp \
-    stringprintf.cpp \
-
-libbase_test_src_files := \
-    file_test.cpp \
-    stringprintf_test.cpp \
-
-libbase_cppflags := \
-    -Wall \
-    -Wextra \
-    -Werror \
-
-# Device
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := libbase
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(libbase_src_files)
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
-LOCAL_CPPFLAGS := $(libbase_cppflags)
-LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := libbase
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
-LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libbase
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := liblog
-LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
-# Host
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := libbase
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(libbase_src_files)
-LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
-LOCAL_CPPFLAGS := $(libbase_cppflags)
-LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-include $(BUILD_HOST_STATIC_LIBRARY)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := libbase
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
-LOCAL_WHOLE_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libbase
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := liblog
-LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDE_DIRS := $(LOCAL_PATH)/include
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-include $(BUILD_HOST_SHARED_LIBRARY)
-
-# Tests
-# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := libbase_test
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(libbase_test_src_files)
-LOCAL_CPPFLAGS := $(libbase_cppflags)
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libbase
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-LOCAL_MODULE_STEM_32 := $(LOCAL_MODULE)32
-LOCAL_MODULE_STEM_64 := $(LOCAL_MODULE)64
-include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
-
-include $(CLEAR_VARS)
-LOCAL_MODULE := libbase_test
-LOCAL_CLANG := true
-LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(libbase_test_src_files)
-LOCAL_CPPFLAGS := $(libbase_cppflags)
-LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libbase
-LOCAL_MULTILIB := both
-LOCAL_MODULE_STEM_32 := $(LOCAL_MODULE)32
-LOCAL_MODULE_STEM_64 := $(LOCAL_MODULE)64
-include $(BUILD_HOST_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/base/CPPLINT.cfg b/base/CPPLINT.cfg
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ee068ef9..000000000
--- a/base/CPPLINT.cfg
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-set noparent
-filter=-build/header_guard
diff --git a/base/include/base/file.h b/include/utils/file.h
similarity index 89%
rename from base/include/base/file.h
rename to include/utils/file.h
index ef977421b..a80afb1da 100644
--- a/base/include/base/file.h
+++ b/include/utils/file.h
@@ -14,14 +14,13 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef BASE_FILE_H
-#define BASE_FILE_H
+#ifndef UTILS_FILE_H
+#define UTILS_FILE_H
 
-#include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <string>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
 
 namespace android {
-namespace base {
 
 bool ReadFdToString(int fd, std::string* content);
 bool ReadFileToString(const std::string& path, std::string* content);
@@ -34,7 +33,6 @@ bool WriteStringToFile(const std::string& content, const std::string& path,
                        mode_t mode, uid_t owner, gid_t group);
 #endif
 
-}  // namespace base
-}  // namespace android
+} // namespace android
 
-#endif  // BASE_FILE_H
+#endif
diff --git a/base/include/base/stringprintf.h b/include/utils/stringprintf.h
similarity index 82%
rename from base/include/base/stringprintf.h
rename to include/utils/stringprintf.h
index 195c1decb..e7dbac70e 100644
--- a/base/include/base/stringprintf.h
+++ b/include/utils/stringprintf.h
@@ -14,27 +14,25 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#ifndef BASE_STRINGPRINTF_H
-#define BASE_STRINGPRINTF_H
+#ifndef UTILS_STRINGPRINTF_H_
+#define UTILS_STRINGPRINTF_H_
 
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <string>
 
 namespace android {
-namespace base {
 
 // Returns a string corresponding to printf-like formatting of the arguments.
 std::string StringPrintf(const char* fmt, ...)
-    __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, 1, 2)));
+        __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, 1, 2)));
 
 // Appends a printf-like formatting of the arguments to 'dst'.
 void StringAppendF(std::string* dst, const char* fmt, ...)
-    __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, 2, 3)));
+        __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, 2, 3)));
 
 // Appends a printf-like formatting of the arguments to 'dst'.
 void StringAppendV(std::string* dst, const char* format, va_list ap);
 
-}  // namespace base
 }  // namespace android
 
-#endif  // BASE_STRINGPRINTF_H
+#endif
diff --git a/init/Android.mk b/init/Android.mk
index 5b8094fe0..ec2861bf1 100644
--- a/init/Android.mk
+++ b/init/Android.mk
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
     parser.cpp \
     util.cpp \
 
-LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libbase
 LOCAL_MODULE := libinit
 include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
 
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := \
     libfs_mgr \
     liblogwrap \
     libcutils \
-    libbase \
+    libutils \
     liblog \
     libc \
     libselinux \
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
 
 LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES += \
     libcutils \
-    libbase \
+    libutils \
 
 LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libinit
 include $(BUILD_NATIVE_TEST)
diff --git a/init/bootchart.cpp b/init/bootchart.cpp
index 530eba806..cc3192022 100644
--- a/init/bootchart.cpp
+++ b/init/bootchart.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 
 #include <string>
 
-#include <base/file.h>
+#include <utils/file.h>
 
 #define LOG_ROOT        "/data/bootchart"
 #define LOG_STAT        LOG_ROOT"/proc_stat.log"
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ static FILE* log_disks;
 
 static long long get_uptime_jiffies() {
     std::string uptime;
-    if (!android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/uptime", &uptime)) {
+    if (!android::ReadFileToString("/proc/uptime", &uptime)) {
         return 0;
     }
     return 100LL * strtod(uptime.c_str(), NULL);
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ static void log_header() {
     }
 
     std::string kernel_cmdline;
-    android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &kernel_cmdline);
+    android::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &kernel_cmdline);
 
     FILE* out = fopen(LOG_HEADER, "we");
     if (out == NULL) {
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ static void do_log_file(FILE* log, const char* procfile) {
     do_log_uptime(log);
 
     std::string content;
-    if (android::base::ReadFileToString(procfile, &content)) {
+    if (android::ReadFileToString(procfile, &content)) {
         fprintf(log, "%s\n", content.c_str());
     }
 }
@@ -127,13 +127,13 @@ static void do_log_procs(FILE* log) {
             // name from /proc/<pid>/cmdline.
             snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "/proc/%d/cmdline", pid);
             std::string cmdline;
-            android::base::ReadFileToString(filename, &cmdline);
+            android::ReadFileToString(filename, &cmdline);
             const char* full_name = cmdline.c_str(); // So we stop at the first NUL.
 
             // Read process stat line.
             snprintf(filename, sizeof(filename), "/proc/%d/stat", pid);
             std::string stat;
-            if (android::base::ReadFileToString(filename, &stat)) {
+            if (android::ReadFileToString(filename, &stat)) {
                 if (!cmdline.empty()) {
                     // Substitute the process name with its real name.
                     size_t open = stat.find('(');
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ static int bootchart_init() {
     int timeout = 0;
 
     std::string start;
-    android::base::ReadFileToString(LOG_STARTFILE, &start);
+    android::ReadFileToString(LOG_STARTFILE, &start);
     if (!start.empty()) {
         timeout = atoi(start.c_str());
     } else {
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ static int bootchart_init() {
         // timeout. this is useful when using -wipe-data since the /data
         // partition is fresh.
         std::string cmdline;
-        android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &cmdline);
+        android::ReadFileToString("/proc/cmdline", &cmdline);
 #define KERNEL_OPTION  "androidboot.bootchart="
         if (strstr(cmdline.c_str(), KERNEL_OPTION) != NULL) {
             timeout = atoi(cmdline.c_str() + sizeof(KERNEL_OPTION) - 1);
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ static int bootchart_step() {
 
     // Stop if /data/bootchart/stop contains 1.
     std::string stop;
-    if (android::base::ReadFileToString(LOG_STOPFILE, &stop) && stop == "1") {
+    if (android::ReadFileToString(LOG_STOPFILE, &stop) && stop == "1") {
         return -1;
     }
 
diff --git a/init/property_service.cpp b/init/property_service.cpp
index ddb805022..05c03d6ca 100644
--- a/init/property_service.cpp
+++ b/init/property_service.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
 #include <cutils/multiuser.h>
 
+#include <utils/file.h>
+
 #define _REALLY_INCLUDE_SYS__SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_H_
 #include <sys/_system_properties.h>
 
diff --git a/init/util.cpp b/init/util.cpp
index c805083ba..3dddb15d4 100644
--- a/init/util.cpp
+++ b/init/util.cpp
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/un.h>
 
-#include <base/file.h>
-
 /* for ANDROID_SOCKET_* */
 #include <cutils/sockets.h>
 
+#include <utils/file.h>
+
 #include <private/android_filesystem_config.h>
 
 #include "init.h"
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ bool read_file(const char* path, std::string* content) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    bool okay = android::base::ReadFdToString(fd, content);
+    bool okay = android::ReadFdToString(fd, content);
     TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(close(fd));
     if (okay) {
         content->append("\n", 1);
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ int write_file(const char* path, const char* content) {
     if (fd == -1) {
         return -errno;
     }
-    int result = android::base::WriteStringToFd(content, fd) ? 0 : -errno;
+    int result = android::WriteStringToFd(content, fd) ? 0 : -errno;
     TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(close(fd));
     return result;
 }
diff --git a/libutils/Android.mk b/libutils/Android.mk
index e9c5f8996..7bff14e55 100644
--- a/libutils/Android.mk
+++ b/libutils/Android.mk
@@ -39,7 +39,9 @@ commonSources:= \
 	Tokenizer.cpp \
 	Unicode.cpp \
 	VectorImpl.cpp \
+	file.cpp \
 	misc.cpp \
+	stringprintf.cpp \
 
 host_commonCflags := -DLIBUTILS_NATIVE=1 $(TOOL_CFLAGS) -Werror
 
diff --git a/base/file.cpp b/libutils/file.cpp
similarity index 68%
rename from base/file.cpp
rename to libutils/file.cpp
index 773f33bd6..0690bc241 100644
--- a/base/file.cpp
+++ b/libutils/file.cpp
@@ -14,23 +14,19 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "base/file.h"
+#define LOG_TAG "utils.file"
+#include <cutils/log.h>
+
+#include "utils/file.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
-#include <string>
+#include <utils/Compat.h> // For TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY on Darwin.
 
-#define LOG_TAG "base.file"
-#include "cutils/log.h"
-#include "utils/Compat.h"  // For TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY on Darwin.
-
-namespace android {
-namespace base {
-
-bool ReadFdToString(int fd, std::string* content) {
+bool android::ReadFdToString(int fd, std::string* content) {
   content->clear();
 
   char buf[BUFSIZ];
@@ -41,11 +37,10 @@ bool ReadFdToString(int fd, std::string* content) {
   return (n == 0) ? true : false;
 }
 
-bool ReadFileToString(const std::string& path, std::string* content) {
+bool android::ReadFileToString(const std::string& path, std::string* content) {
   content->clear();
 
-  int fd =
-      TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW));
+  int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path.c_str(), O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW));
   if (fd == -1) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -54,7 +49,7 @@ bool ReadFileToString(const std::string& path, std::string* content) {
   return result;
 }
 
-bool WriteStringToFd(const std::string& content, int fd) {
+bool android::WriteStringToFd(const std::string& content, int fd) {
   const char* p = content.data();
   size_t left = content.size();
   while (left > 0) {
@@ -77,18 +72,18 @@ static bool CleanUpAfterFailedWrite(const std::string& path) {
 }
 
 #if !defined(_WIN32)
-bool WriteStringToFile(const std::string& content, const std::string& path,
-                       mode_t mode, uid_t owner, gid_t group) {
-  int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
-      open(path.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW,
-           mode));
+bool android::WriteStringToFile(const std::string& content, const std::string& path,
+                                mode_t mode, uid_t owner, gid_t group) {
+  int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path.c_str(),
+                                   O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW,
+                                   mode));
   if (fd == -1) {
     ALOGE("android::WriteStringToFile open failed: %s", strerror(errno));
     return false;
   }
 
-  // We do an explicit fchmod here because we assume that the caller really
-  // meant what they said and doesn't want the umask-influenced mode.
+  // We do an explicit fchmod here because we assume that the caller really meant what they
+  // said and doesn't want the umask-influenced mode.
   if (fchmod(fd, mode) == -1) {
     ALOGE("android::WriteStringToFile fchmod failed: %s", strerror(errno));
     return CleanUpAfterFailedWrite(path);
@@ -106,10 +101,10 @@ bool WriteStringToFile(const std::string& content, const std::string& path,
 }
 #endif
 
-bool WriteStringToFile(const std::string& content, const std::string& path) {
-  int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(
-      open(path.c_str(), O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW,
-           DEFFILEMODE));
+bool android::WriteStringToFile(const std::string& content, const std::string& path) {
+  int fd = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(open(path.c_str(),
+                                   O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW,
+                                   DEFFILEMODE));
   if (fd == -1) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -118,6 +113,3 @@ bool WriteStringToFile(const std::string& content, const std::string& path) {
   TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(close(fd));
   return result || CleanUpAfterFailedWrite(path);
 }
-
-}  // namespace base
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/base/stringprintf.cpp b/libutils/stringprintf.cpp
similarity index 84%
rename from base/stringprintf.cpp
rename to libutils/stringprintf.cpp
index d55ff5219..5eaa293cf 100644
--- a/base/stringprintf.cpp
+++ b/libutils/stringprintf.cpp
@@ -14,16 +14,11 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "base/stringprintf.h"
+#include <utils/stringprintf.h>
 
 #include <stdio.h>
 
-#include <string>
-
-namespace android {
-namespace base {
-
-void StringAppendV(std::string* dst, const char* format, va_list ap) {
+void android::StringAppendV(std::string* dst, const char* format, va_list ap) {
   // First try with a small fixed size buffer
   char space[1024];
 
@@ -50,7 +45,7 @@ void StringAppendV(std::string* dst, const char* format, va_list ap) {
 
   // Increase the buffer size to the size requested by vsnprintf,
   // plus one for the closing \0.
-  int length = result + 1;
+  int length = result+1;
   char* buf = new char[length];
 
   // Restore the va_list before we use it again
@@ -65,7 +60,7 @@ void StringAppendV(std::string* dst, const char* format, va_list ap) {
   delete[] buf;
 }
 
-std::string StringPrintf(const char* fmt, ...) {
+std::string android::StringPrintf(const char* fmt, ...) {
   va_list ap;
   va_start(ap, fmt);
   std::string result;
@@ -74,12 +69,9 @@ std::string StringPrintf(const char* fmt, ...) {
   return result;
 }
 
-void StringAppendF(std::string* dst, const char* format, ...) {
+void android::StringAppendF(std::string* dst, const char* format, ...) {
   va_list ap;
   va_start(ap, format);
   StringAppendV(dst, format, ap);
   va_end(ap);
 }
-
-}  // namespace base
-}  // namespace android
diff --git a/libutils/tests/Android.mk b/libutils/tests/Android.mk
index 634f44f48..ce288ca4f 100644
--- a/libutils/tests/Android.mk
+++ b/libutils/tests/Android.mk
@@ -26,9 +26,11 @@ LOCAL_SRC_FILES := \
     BasicHashtable_test.cpp \
     BlobCache_test.cpp \
     BitSet_test.cpp \
+    file_test.cpp \
     Looper_test.cpp \
     LruCache_test.cpp \
     String8_test.cpp \
+    stringprintf_test.cpp \
     Unicode_test.cpp \
     Vector_test.cpp \
 
diff --git a/base/file_test.cpp b/libutils/tests/file_test.cpp
similarity index 72%
rename from base/file_test.cpp
rename to libutils/tests/file_test.cpp
index 34b8755c2..cea18b617 100644
--- a/base/file_test.cpp
+++ b/libutils/tests/file_test.cpp
@@ -14,15 +14,12 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "base/file.h"
-
-#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include "utils/file.h"
 
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
-
-#include <string>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
 class TemporaryFile {
  public:
@@ -51,14 +48,14 @@ class TemporaryFile {
 TEST(file, ReadFileToString_ENOENT) {
   std::string s("hello");
   errno = 0;
-  ASSERT_FALSE(android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/does-not-exist", &s));
+  ASSERT_FALSE(android::ReadFileToString("/proc/does-not-exist", &s));
   EXPECT_EQ(ENOENT, errno);
-  EXPECT_EQ("", s);  // s was cleared.
+  EXPECT_EQ("", s); // s was cleared.
 }
 
 TEST(file, ReadFileToString_success) {
   std::string s("hello");
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFileToString("/proc/version", &s)) << errno;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::ReadFileToString("/proc/version", &s)) << errno;
   EXPECT_GT(s.length(), 6U);
   EXPECT_EQ('\n', s[s.length() - 1]);
   s[5] = 0;
@@ -68,36 +65,34 @@ TEST(file, ReadFileToString_success) {
 TEST(file, WriteStringToFile) {
   TemporaryFile tf;
   ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFile("abc", tf.filename)) << errno;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::WriteStringToFile("abc", tf.filename)) << errno;
   std::string s;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFileToString(tf.filename, &s)) << errno;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::ReadFileToString(tf.filename, &s)) << errno;
   EXPECT_EQ("abc", s);
 }
 
 TEST(file, WriteStringToFile2) {
   TemporaryFile tf;
   ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFile("abc", tf.filename, 0660,
-                                               getuid(), getgid()))
-      << errno;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::WriteStringToFile("abc", tf.filename, 0660, getuid(), getgid())) << errno;
   struct stat sb;
   ASSERT_EQ(0, stat(tf.filename, &sb));
   ASSERT_EQ(0660U, (sb.st_mode & ~S_IFMT));
   ASSERT_EQ(getuid(), sb.st_uid);
   ASSERT_EQ(getgid(), sb.st_gid);
   std::string s;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFileToString(tf.filename, &s)) << errno;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::ReadFileToString(tf.filename, &s)) << errno;
   EXPECT_EQ("abc", s);
 }
 
 TEST(file, WriteStringToFd) {
   TemporaryFile tf;
   ASSERT_TRUE(tf.fd != -1);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::WriteStringToFd("abc", tf.fd));
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::WriteStringToFd("abc", tf.fd));
 
   ASSERT_EQ(0, lseek(tf.fd, 0, SEEK_SET)) << errno;
 
   std::string s;
-  ASSERT_TRUE(android::base::ReadFdToString(tf.fd, &s)) << errno;
+  ASSERT_TRUE(android::ReadFdToString(tf.fd, &s)) << errno;
   EXPECT_EQ("abc", s);
 }
diff --git a/base/stringprintf_test.cpp b/libutils/tests/stringprintf_test.cpp
similarity index 77%
rename from base/stringprintf_test.cpp
rename to libutils/tests/stringprintf_test.cpp
index 5cc20864f..f99545217 100644
--- a/base/stringprintf_test.cpp
+++ b/libutils/tests/stringprintf_test.cpp
@@ -14,27 +14,25 @@
  * limitations under the License.
  */
 
-#include "base/stringprintf.h"
+#include <utils/stringprintf.h>
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include <string>
-
 TEST(StringPrintfTest, HexSizeT) {
   size_t size = 0x00107e59;
-  EXPECT_EQ("00107e59", android::base::StringPrintf("%08zx", size));
-  EXPECT_EQ("0x00107e59", android::base::StringPrintf("0x%08zx", size));
+  EXPECT_EQ("00107e59", android::StringPrintf("%08zx", size));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0x00107e59", android::StringPrintf("0x%08zx", size));
 }
 
 TEST(StringPrintfTest, StringAppendF) {
   std::string s("a");
-  android::base::StringAppendF(&s, "b");
+  android::StringAppendF(&s, "b");
   EXPECT_EQ("ab", s);
 }
 
 TEST(StringPrintfTest, Errno) {
   errno = 123;
-  android::base::StringPrintf("hello %s", "world");
+  android::StringPrintf("hello %s", "world");
   EXPECT_EQ(123, errno);
 }
 
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ void TestN(size_t n) {
   char* buf = new char[n + 1];
   memset(buf, 'x', n);
   buf[n] = '\0';
-  std::string s(android::base::StringPrintf("%s", buf));
+  std::string s(android::StringPrintf("%s", buf));
   EXPECT_EQ(buf, s);
   delete[] buf;
 }