[MIPS] Benchmark test for MIPS memset16/memset32

Author: Chris Dearman <chris@mips.com>
AuthorDate: 2011-07-26 19:24:40
Change-Id: I0a7b3360aaf45de8ee47744f7031b84f15f37611
This commit is contained in:
Duane Sand 2012-10-12 14:25:19 -07:00
parent 38219ee611
commit d4a80984fc
8 changed files with 766 additions and 0 deletions

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@ -158,3 +158,5 @@ LOCAL_SRC_FILES := str_parms.c hashmap.c memory.c
LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := liblog
LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := optional
include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
include $(call all-makefiles-under,$(LOCAL_PATH))

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@ -0,0 +1 @@
include $(all-subdir-makefiles)

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@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
# Copyright 2012 The Android Open Source Project
ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),mips)
LOCAL_PATH:= $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_SRC_FILES:= \
test_memset.c \
android_memset_dumb.S \
android_memset_test.S \
memset_cmips.S \
memset_omips.S
LOCAL_MODULE:= test_memset
LOCAL_FORCE_STATIC_EXECUTABLE := true
LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libcutils libc
LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := tests
include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
endif

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@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
.global android_memset16_dumb
.type android_memset16_dumb, @function
android_memset16_dumb:
.ent android_memset16_dumb
.set noreorder
beqz $a2,9f
srl $a2,1
1: sh $a1,($a0)
subu $a2,1
bnez $a2,1b
addu $a0,2
.set reorder
9: j $ra
.end android_memset16_dumb
.size android_memset16_dumb,.-android_memset16_dumb
.global android_memset32_dumb
.type android_memset32_dumb, @function
android_memset32_dumb:
.ent android_memset32_dumb
.set noreorder
beqz $a2,9f
srl $a2,2
1: sw $a1,($a0)
subu $a2,1
bnez $a2,1b
addu $a0,4
.set reorder
9: j $ra
.end android_memset32_dumb
.size android_memset32_dumb,.-android_memset32_dumb

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@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
/*
* Copyright (C) 2006 The android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#ifdef NDEBUG
#define DBG #
#else
#define DBG
#endif
.text
.align
/*
* Optimized memset16 for MIPS
*
* void android_memset16_test(uint16_t* dst, uint16_t value, size_t size);
*
*/
.global android_memset16_test
.type android_memset16_test, @function
android_memset16_test:
.ent android_memset16_test
.set noreorder
/* Check parameters */
DBG andi $t0,$a0,1 /* $a0 must be halfword aligned */
DBG tne $t0
DBG lui $t1,0xffff /* $a1 must be 16bits */
DBG and $t1,$a1
DBG tne $t1
DBG andi $t2,$a2,1 /* $a2 must be even */
DBG tne $t2
#if (__mips==32) && (__mips_isa_rev>=2)
ins $a2,$0,0,1
#else
li $t0,~1
and $a2,$t0
#endif
move $t8,$ra
blez $a2,9f /* Anything to do? */
andi $t0,$a0,2 /* Check dst alignment */
/* Expand value to 32 bits and check destination alignment */
#if (__mips==32) && (__mips_isa_rev>=2)
beqz $t0,.Laligned32 /* dst is 32 bit aligned */
ins $a1,$a1,16,16
#else
sll $t2,$a1,16
beqz $t0,.Laligned32 /* dst is 32 bit aligned */
or $a1,$t2
#endif
sh $a1,($a0) /* do one halfword to get aligned */
subu $a2,2
addu $a0,2
.Laligned32:
and $t1,$a2,63 /* is there enough left to do a full 64 byte loop? */
beq $a2,$t1,1f
subu $t2,$a2,$t1 /* $t2 is the number of bytes to do in loop64 */
addu $t3,$a0,$t2 /* $t3 is the end marker for loop64 */
subu $a2,$t2
.Lloop64:
addu $a0,64
sw $a1,-64($a0)
sw $a1,-60($a0)
sw $a1,-56($a0)
sw $a1,-52($a0)
sw $a1,-48($a0)
sw $a1,-44($a0)
sw $a1,-40($a0)
sw $a1,-36($a0)
sw $a1,-32($a0)
sw $a1,-28($a0)
sw $a1,-24($a0)
sw $a1,-20($a0)
sw $a1,-16($a0)
sw $a1,-12($a0)
sw $a1,-8($a0)
bne $a0,$t3,.Lloop64
sw $a1,-4($a0)
/* Do the last 0..62 bytes */
1: li $t0,64+12
andi $t1,$a2,0x3c /* $t1 how many bytes to store using sw */
bal 1f
subu $t0,$t1 /* 64+12-$t0 is offset to jump from 1f */
1: addu $ra,$t0
j $ra
subu $a2,$t1
2: sw $a1,60($a0)
sw $a1,56($a0)
sw $a1,52($a0)
sw $a1,48($a0)
sw $a1,44($a0)
sw $a1,40($a0)
sw $a1,36($a0)
sw $a1,32($a0)
sw $a1,28($a0)
sw $a1,24($a0)
sw $a1,20($a0)
sw $a1,16($a0)
sw $a1,12($a0)
sw $a1,8($a0)
sw $a1,4($a0)
sw $a1,0($a0)
beqz $a2,9f
addu $a0,$t1
sh $a1,($a0)
9: j $t8
nop
.end android_memset16_test
.size android_memset16_test,.-android_memset16_test
/*
* Optimized memset32 for MIPS
*
* void android_memset32_test(uint32_t* dst, uint32_t value, size_t size);
*
*/
.global android_memset32_test
.type android_memset32_test, @function
android_memset32_test:
.ent android_memset32_test
.set noreorder
/* Check parameters */
DBG andi $t0,$a0,3 /* $a0 must be word aligned */
DBG tne $t0
DBG andi $t2,$a2,3 /* $a2 must be a multiple of 4 bytes */
DBG tne $t2
b .Laligned32
move $t8,$ra
.end android_memset32_test
.size android_memset32_test,.-android_memset32_test

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@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
/*
* Copyright (c) 2009
* MIPS Technologies, Inc., California.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of the MIPS Technologies, Inc., nor the names of its
* contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
* this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE MIPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE MIPS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
/************************************************************************
*
* memset.S, version "64h" with 1 cache line horizon for "pref 30" and 14 nops
* Version: "043009"
*
************************************************************************/
/************************************************************************
* Include files
************************************************************************/
#include "machine/asm.h"
/*
* This routine could be optimized for MIPS64. The current code only
* uses MIPS32 instructions.
*/
#if defined(__MIPSEB__)
# define SWHI swl /* high part is left in big-endian */
#endif
#if defined(__MIPSEL__)
# define SWHI swr /* high part is right in little-endian */
#endif
#if !(defined(XGPROF) || defined(XPROF))
#undef SETUP_GP
#define SETUP_GP
#endif
LEAF(memset_cmips,0)
.set noreorder
.set noat
addu t0,a0,a2 # t0 is the "past the end" address
slti AT,a2,4 # is a2 less than 4?
bne AT,zero,.Llast4 # if yes, go to last4
move v0,a0 # memset returns the dst pointer
beq a1,zero,.Lset0
subu v1,zero,a0
# smear byte into 32 bit word
#if (__mips==32) && (__mips_isa_rev>=2)
ins a1, a1, 8, 8 # Replicate fill byte into half-word.
ins a1, a1, 16, 16 # Replicate fill byte into word.
#else
and a1,0xff
sll AT,a1,8
or a1,AT
sll AT,a1,16
or a1,AT
#endif
.Lset0: andi v1,v1,0x3 # word-unaligned address?
beq v1,zero,.Laligned # v1 is the unalignment count
subu a2,a2,v1
SWHI a1,0(a0)
addu a0,a0,v1
# Here we have the "word-aligned" a0 (until the "last4")
.Laligned:
andi t8,a2,0x3f # any 64-byte chunks?
# t8 is the byte count past 64-byte chunks
beq a2,t8,.Lchk8w # when a2==t8, no 64-byte chunks
# There will be at most 1 32-byte chunk then
subu a3,a2,t8 # subtract from a2 the reminder
# Here a3 counts bytes in 16w chunks
addu a3,a0,a3 # Now a3 is the final dst after 64-byte chunks
# Find out, if there are any 64-byte chunks after which will be still at least
# 96 bytes left. The value "96" is calculated as needed buffer for
# "pref 30,64(a0)" prefetch, which can be used as "pref 30,0(a0)" after
# incrementing "a0" by 64.
# For "a2" below 160 there will be no such "pref 30 safe" 64-byte chunk.
#
sltiu v1,a2,160
bgtz v1,.Lloop16w_nopref30 # skip "pref 30,0(a0)"
subu t7,a2,96 # subtract "pref 30 unsafe" region
# below we have at least 1 64-byte chunk which is "pref 30 safe"
andi t6,t7,0x3f # t6 is past "64-byte safe chunks" reminder
subu t5,t7,t6 # subtract from t7 the reminder
# Here t5 counts bytes in 16w "safe" chunks
addu t4,a0,t5 # Now t4 is the dst after 64-byte "safe" chunks
# Don't use "pref 30,0(a0)" for a0 in a "middle" of a cache line
# pref 30,0(a0)
# Here we are in the region, where it is safe to use "pref 30,64(a0)"
.Lloop16w:
addiu a0,a0,64
pref 30,-32(a0) # continue setting up the dest, addr 64-32
sw a1,-64(a0)
sw a1,-60(a0)
sw a1,-56(a0)
sw a1,-52(a0)
sw a1,-48(a0)
sw a1,-44(a0)
sw a1,-40(a0)
sw a1,-36(a0)
nop
nop # the extra nop instructions help to balance
nop # cycles needed for "store" + "fill" + "evict"
nop # For 64byte store there are needed 8 fill
nop # and 8 evict cycles, i.e. at least 32 instr.
nop
nop
pref 30,0(a0) # continue setting up the dest, addr 64-0
sw a1,-32(a0)
sw a1,-28(a0)
sw a1,-24(a0)
sw a1,-20(a0)
sw a1,-16(a0)
sw a1,-12(a0)
sw a1,-8(a0)
sw a1,-4(a0)
nop
nop
nop
nop # NOTE: adding 14 nop-s instead of 12 nop-s
nop # gives better results for "fast" memory
nop
bne a0,t4,.Lloop16w
nop
beq a0,a3,.Lchk8w # maybe no more 64-byte chunks?
nop # this "delayed slot" is useless ...
.Lloop16w_nopref30: # there could be up to 3 "64-byte nopref30" chunks
addiu a0,a0,64
sw a1,-64(a0)
sw a1,-60(a0)
sw a1,-56(a0)
sw a1,-52(a0)
sw a1,-48(a0)
sw a1,-44(a0)
sw a1,-40(a0)
sw a1,-36(a0)
sw a1,-32(a0)
sw a1,-28(a0)
sw a1,-24(a0)
sw a1,-20(a0)
sw a1,-16(a0)
sw a1,-12(a0)
sw a1,-8(a0)
bne a0,a3,.Lloop16w_nopref30
sw a1,-4(a0)
.Lchk8w: # t8 here is the byte count past 64-byte chunks
andi t7,t8,0x1f # is there a 32-byte chunk?
# the t7 is the reminder count past 32-bytes
beq t8,t7,.Lchk1w # when t8==t7, no 32-byte chunk
move a2,t7
sw a1,0(a0)
sw a1,4(a0)
sw a1,8(a0)
sw a1,12(a0)
sw a1,16(a0)
sw a1,20(a0)
sw a1,24(a0)
sw a1,28(a0)
addiu a0,a0,32
.Lchk1w:
andi t8,a2,0x3 # now t8 is the reminder past 1w chunks
beq a2,t8,.Llast4
subu a3,a2,t8 # a3 is the count of bytes in 1w chunks
addu a3,a0,a3 # now a3 is the dst address past the 1w chunks
# copying in words (4-byte chunks)
.LwordCopy_loop:
addiu a0,a0,4
bne a0,a3,.LwordCopy_loop
sw a1,-4(a0)
.Llast4:beq a0,t0,.Llast4e
.Llast4l:addiu a0,a0,1
bne a0,t0,.Llast4l
sb a1,-1(a0)
.Llast4e:
j ra
nop
.set at
.set reorder
END(memset_cmips)
/************************************************************************
* Implementation : Static functions
************************************************************************/

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/* Copyright (C) 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
Contributed by Hartvig Ekner <hartvige@mips.com>, 2002.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
02111-1307 USA. */
/* void *memset_omips(void *s, int c, size_t n). */
#include "machine/asm.h"
#ifdef __mips64
#error mips32 code being compiled for mips64!
#endif
#if defined(__MIPSEB__)
#error big-endian is not supported in Broadcom MIPS Android platform
# define SWHI swl /* high part is left in big-endian */
#else
# define SWHI swr /* high part is right in little-endian */
#endif
LEAF (memset_omips,0)
.set noreorder
slti t1, a2, 8 # Less than 8?
bne t1, zero, .Llast8
move v0, a0 # Setup exit value before too late
beq a1, zero, .Lueven # If zero pattern, no need to extend
andi a1, 0xff # Avoid problems with bogus arguments
sll t0, a1, 8
or a1, t0
sll t0, a1, 16
or a1, t0 # a1 is now pattern in full word
.Lueven:
subu t0, zero, a0 # Unaligned address?
andi t0, 0x3
beq t0, zero, .Lchkw
subu a2, t0
SWHI a1, 0(a0) # Yes, handle first unaligned part
addu a0, t0 # Now both a0 and a2 are updated
.Lchkw:
andi t0, a2, 0x7 # Enough left for one loop iteration?
beq t0, a2, .Lchkl
subu a3, a2, t0
addu a3, a0 # a3 is last loop address +1
move a2, t0 # a2 is now # of bytes left after loop
.Lloopw:
addiu a0, 8 # Handle 2 words pr. iteration
sw a1, -8(a0)
bne a0, a3, .Lloopw
sw a1, -4(a0)
.Lchkl:
andi t0, a2, 0x4 # Check if there is at least a full
beq t0, zero, .Llast8 # word remaining after the loop
subu a2, t0
sw a1, 0(a0) # Yes...
addiu a0, 4
.Llast8:
blez a2, .Lexit # Handle last 8 bytes (if cnt>0)
addu a3, a2, a0 # a3 is last address +1
.Llst8l:
addiu a0, 1
bne a0, a3, .Llst8l
sb a1, -1(a0)
.Lexit:
j ra # Bye, bye
nop
.set reorder
END (memset_omips)

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <cutils/memory.h>
#include <time.h>
/*
* All systems must implement or emulate the rdhwr instruction to read
* the userlocal register. Systems that emulate also return teh count register
* when accessing register $2 so this should work on most systems
*/
#define USE_RDHWR
#ifdef USE_RDHWR
#define UNITS "cycles"
#define SCALE 2 /* Most CPU's */
static inline uint32_t
get_count(void)
{
uint32_t res;
asm volatile (".set push; .set mips32r2; rdhwr %[res],$2; .set pop" : [res] "=r" (res) : : "memory");
return res;
}
#else
#define UNITS "ns"
#define SCALE 1
static inline uint32_t
get_count(void)
{
struct timespec now;
uint32_t res;
clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &now);
res = (uint32_t)(now.tv_sec * 1000000000LL + now.tv_nsec);
// printf ("now=%d.%09d res=%d\n", (int)now.tv_sec, (int)now.tv_nsec, res);
return res;
}
#endif
uint32_t overhead;
void
measure_overhead(void)
{
int i;
uint32_t start, stop, delta;
for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
start = get_count();
stop = get_count();
delta = stop - start;
if (overhead == 0 || delta < overhead)
overhead = delta;
}
printf("overhead is %d"UNITS"\n", overhead);
}
uint32_t
timeone(void (*fn)(), void *d, uint32_t val, uint32_t bytes)
{
uint32_t start, stop, delta;
start = get_count();
(*fn)(d, val, bytes);
stop = get_count();
delta = stop - start - overhead;
// printf ("start=0x%08x stop=0x%08x delta=0x%08x\n", start, stop, delta);
return delta * SCALE;
}
/* define VERIFY to check that memset only touches the bytes it's supposed to */
/*#define VERIFY*/
/*
* Using a big arena means that memset will most likely miss in the cache
* NB Enabling verification effectively warms up the cache...
*/
#define ARENASIZE 0x1000000
#ifdef VERIFY
char arena[ARENASIZE+8]; /* Allow space for guard words */
#else
char arena[ARENASIZE];
#endif
void
testone(char *tag, void (*fn)(), int trials, int minbytes, int maxbytes, int size, int threshold)
{
int offset;
void *d;
void *p;
uint32_t v, notv = 0;
uint32_t n;
int i, units;
int totalunits = 0, totalbytes = 0, samples = 0;
/* Reset RNG to ensure each test uses same random values */
srand(0); /* FIXME should be able to use some other seed than 0 */
for (i = 0; i < trials; i++) {
n = minbytes + (rand() % (maxbytes-minbytes)); /* How many bytes to do */
offset = ((rand() % (ARENASIZE-n))); /* Where to start */
#ifdef VERIFY
offset += 4; /* Allow space for guard word at beginning */
#endif
v = rand();
/* Adjust alignment and sizes based on transfer size */
switch (size) {
case 1:
v &= 0xff;
notv = ~v & 0xff;
break;
case 2:
v &= 0xffff;
notv = ~v & 0xffff;
offset &= ~1;
n &= ~1;
break;
case 4:
notv = ~v;
offset &= ~3;
n &= ~3;
break;
}
d = &arena[offset];
#ifdef VERIFY
/* Initialise the area and guard words */
for (p = &arena[offset-4]; p < (void *)&arena[offset+n+4]; p = (void *)((uint32_t)p + size)) {
if (size == 1)
*(uint8_t *)p = notv;
else if (size == 2)
*(uint16_t *)p = notv;
else if (size == 4)
*(uint32_t *)p = notv;
}
#endif
units = timeone(fn, d, v, n);
#ifdef VERIFY
/* Check the area and guard words */
for (p = &arena[offset-4]; p < (void *)&arena[offset+n+4]; p = (void *)((uint32_t)p + size)) {
uint32_t got = 0;
if (size == 1)
got = *(uint8_t *)p;
else if (size == 2)
got = *(uint16_t *)p;
else if (size == 4)
got = *(uint32_t *)p;
if (p < (void *)&arena[offset]) {
if (got != notv)
printf ("%s: verify failure: preguard:%p d=%p v=%08x got=%08x n=%d\n", tag, p, d, v, got, n);
}
else if (p < (void *)&arena[offset+n]) {
if (got != v)
printf ("%s: verify failure: arena:%p d=%p v=%08x got=%08x n=%d\n", tag, p, d, v, n);
}
else {
if (got != notv)
printf ("%s: verify failure: postguard:%p d=%p v=%08x got=%08x n=%d\n", tag, p, d, v, n);
}
}
#endif
/* If the cycle count looks reasonable include it in the statistics */
if (units < threshold) {
totalbytes += n;
totalunits += units;
samples++;
}
}
printf("%s: samples=%d avglen=%d avg" UNITS "=%d bp"UNITS"=%g\n",
tag, samples, totalbytes/samples, totalunits/samples, (double)totalbytes/(double)totalunits);
}
extern void android_memset32_dumb(uint32_t* dst, uint32_t value, size_t size);
extern void android_memset16_dumb(uint32_t* dst, uint16_t value, size_t size);
extern void android_memset32_test(uint32_t* dst, uint32_t value, size_t size);
extern void android_memset16_test(uint32_t* dst, uint16_t value, size_t size);
extern void memset_cmips(void* dst, int value, size_t size);
extern void memset_omips(void* dst, int value, size_t size);
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int i;
struct {
char *type;
int trials;
int minbytes, maxbytes;
} *pp, params[] = {
{"small", 10000, 0, 64},
{"medium", 10000, 64, 512},
{"large", 10000, 512, 1280},
{"varied", 10000, 0, 1280},
};
#define NPARAMS (sizeof(params)/sizeof(params[0]))
struct {
char *name;
void (*fn)();
int size;
} *fp, functions[] = {
{"dmemset16", (void (*)())android_memset16_dumb, 2},
{"tmemset16", (void (*)())android_memset16_test, 2},
{"lmemset16", (void (*)())android_memset16, 2},
{"dmemset32", (void (*)())android_memset32_dumb, 4},
{"tmemset32", (void (*)())android_memset32_test, 4},
{"lmemset32", (void (*)())android_memset32, 4},
{"cmemset", (void (*)())memset_cmips, 1},
{"omemset", (void (*)())memset_omips, 1},
{"lmemset", (void (*)())memset, 1},
};
#define NFUNCTIONS (sizeof(functions)/sizeof(functions[0]))
char tag[40];
int threshold;
measure_overhead();
/* Warm up the page cache */
memset(arena, 0xff, ARENASIZE); /* use 0xff now to avoid COW later */
for (fp = functions; fp < &functions[NFUNCTIONS]; fp++) {
(fp->fn)(arena, 0xffffffff, ARENASIZE); /* one call to get the code into Icache */
for (pp = params; pp < &params[NPARAMS]; pp++) {
sprintf(tag, "%10s: %7s %4d-%4d", fp->name, pp->type, pp->minbytes, pp->maxbytes);
/* Set the cycle threshold */
threshold = pp->maxbytes * 4 * 10; /* reasonable for cycles and ns */
testone(tag, fp->fn, pp->trials, pp->minbytes, pp->maxbytes, fp->size, threshold);
}
printf ("\n");
}
return 0;
}